MHS Module 1 (chemistry compartment)

what are the 2 types of chemical bonding and explain what they consist of

ionic bonds: proton donor, proton acceptor

covalent bond: sharing electrons between 2 non-metals, non ionic atoms

what are the 4 types of chemical reactions

decomposition

synthesis

exchange reaction

reversible reaction

define decomposition:

breakdown of chemical bonds (catabolism)

define synthesis:

forms chemical bonds (anabolism)

define an exchange reaction

involves decomposition first, then synthesis

define a reversible reaction

define activation energy

the minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction

define exergonic reaction

releases energy

define endergonic reactions

absorb energy

define nutrients

essential molecules obtained from food

define metabolites

molecules made or broken down in the body

inorganic compound definition + examples

lack C-H bonds;

CO2, O2, H2O, inorganic acids, bases and salts

organic compounds definition + example:

containing C-H bonds:

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

importance of H2O:

universal solvent, serves as a reactant, has high heat capacity, used to moisten and reduce friction

properties of H2O:

• polar molecule

  • polar molecules form hydration spheres around ions and small polar molecules that keep them in solution

define electrolytes

inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solution

what occurs if there is an imbalance of electrolytes in the body

seriously disrupts vital body functions