CHE 2C: Transition Metals

Scandium

O.S = 0, +3

Found in uranium ores

similar chemistry to Al, Y, lathanides

Ions have no d electrons and are colorless

Diamagnetic

Titanium

O.S = 0, +4

Some similar chemistry to C, Si

Highest strength-to-weight ratio

artificial joints

Vanadium

O.S = +2-+5

Used in alloys to strengthen materials

Toxic

Sulfuric Acid catalyst

Chromium

O.S. = 0, +3, +4, +6

Corrosion resistant

Used by Qin dynasty

roasting, leaching, red colors of rubies

Manganese (Mn)

+2 --> +7

Used as a catalyst, in alkaline batteries, strengthening component in steel, and as a cofactor to many enzymes.

Technetium (Tc)

Smallest element with no stable isotopes

Iron (Fe)

Common O.S. = +2, +3

The most important element for modern civilization, because...

1. Major component of steel.

2. Most common element on Earth by mass

3. Biological importance for oxygen transport in vertebrates (red blood cells), redox enzymes in plants and animals.

Cobalt (Co)

O.S. : +2, +3

color glass

metal carboly

li-ion battery

Very rare to find pure, most common in ores (w/toxic and smelly products)

Became known as "goblin"

Iridium (Ir)

Rare, much of it comes from outer space

Archeologists use it as a tracer to develop and support theories about when asteroids hit Earth.

Platinum (Pt)

Rare, very unreactive, corrosion resistant

“little silver

-Applications: inert electrodes, jewelry, sugar test strips

Nickel (Ni)

+2 OS

metal-carbonyl

applications: coins, batteries, corrosion preventer

Copper

Bronze, Brass

Naturally blue

common in coinage

batteries, wires, found in oldest civilizations.

Silver (Ag)

Tooth filling

name is “grey” or “shining”

Has the highest normal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and reflectivity

Tarnishes from contact with Sulfur

Gold (Au)

“glow of sunrise”

Very unreactive, even to most acids

Most malleable metal

Used for jewelry, currency, etc.

Zinc (Zn)

+2 OS State

Brass is this

dry cell anode

Corrosion resistant

Toxic

Mercury (Hg)

quicksilver

cinnabar

The only metal that is liquid at room temperature

Toxic

Application in dental fillings

Cadmium (Cd)

Toxic

Common O.S. = 2+

Used in batteries

found in tobacco

blue white

Yttrium

Found in lunar rock samples, red phosphors, alloys, cancer treatment

Tungsten (W)

Only 3rd row element in biomolecules, highest metal mp