final review micobio

develop a taxonomic system

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to

Chemoheterotroph

A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a

only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and Nucleotide synthesis

Nitrogen is a growth-limiting nutrient for many organisms because

Quorum sensing

In the process of _ microbes detect the presence and density of other microbes and modify their metabolic activity in response.

Industrial microbiology

Paster's experiments on fermentation laid the foundation for

Differential and selective

MacConkey agar plates represent _ medium.

Osmotic pressure

The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods is an application of which of the following concepts?

Cristae

Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell?

Gram positive only

Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?

Differential

Blood agar plates are an example of _ medium.

both facilitated diffusion and active transport

Which of the following processes require a carrier protein?

protozoa; multicellular

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

Animal cells

Which of the following never have cell walls?

A theory

An explanation of observations and data supported by the experimental results of many scientists for many years is

Ribosome

Protein synthesis occurs in the

Motility

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

Mesophiles

Human pathogens are classified as

transfer of genetic material between cells

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT

both active transport and group translocation

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

thylakoids

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that chloroplasts have

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?

False

Protozoa are also called prokaryotes.

False

Koch's postulates can be used to determine the causes of infectious diseases.

The goal of metabolism is reproduction of the organism.

Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is FALSE?

Use an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor

The metabolic processes called fermentation

Substrate

The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known

Competitive inhibition

Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as

It requires the input of ATP and produces ATP

Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE?

Antiseptic

A chemical used to reduce potential pathogens on the skin is a(n)

both electron transport and a proton gradient

Which of the following is/are common to chemiosmosis and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

RuBP

Which of the following is associated with the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Use dilution test

Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants

Fatty acids

If a cell reverses the process of beta oxidation which of the following molecules..

Anabolic

Reactions involving ligases are typically _ reactions

Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice

Which of the following is an example of pasteurization?

Entner-Doudoroff

Which of the following metabolic pathways is found only in prokaryotes?

Energy investment

Glycolysis begins with a(n) _ stage

Scanning tunneling

All of the following are types of light microscopes EXCEPT

Antibiotic

Bacillus licheniformis secretes a compound that inhibits the growth of other Gram-positive bacteria. This is an example of an)

Amphibolic

Chemical reaction that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called

Bacterial cells

Beta-lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

In the cytoplasmic membrane

Where is the majority of ATP generated in prokaryotic cells?

The antimicrobial is effective against a few microbes.

What does "narrow spectrum antimicrobial" mean?

Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure.

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

Sulfonimide

A drug is structurally similar to PABA and inhibits folic acid synthesis. It is most likely a(n)

Gram positive cells would be purple and gram negative cells would be colorless

if a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the gram stain procedure what would be the result?

both the broth dilution and the MBC tests

A “zone of inhibition” is associated with which of the following tests used to determine the efficiency of antibiotics?

cell membrane component synthesis

The tetracyclines interfere with

inhibiting dna replication

The antimicrobials called quinolones act by

true

a single basic dye is used in simple stains

false

nucleic acid analog drugs have no effect on human cell replication function

true

The sity to utilize different metabolites for cellar respiration is one method for identfying bacteria.

multiple circular

Typical eukaryotic genomes are composed of _ chromosomes.

lytic replication

The process known as _ is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses.

persistant infection

During _, viruses remain dormant in animal cells.

Transcription

The process of _ requires the activity of DNA ligase.

UGA

Which of the following is both a codon for an amino acid and a start signal?

benzopyrene

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?

They act as slow viruses

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

positive selection culturing

You observe a microbiologist examining two plates and notice the pattern of colonies are nearly identical with the exception of a few colonies that are absent on one of them. The plates likely were produced during

viruses lack cytoplasm and organelles

In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?

translation

Codons are recognized during

bacteriophage

A(n) _ is a virus that infects bacterial cells.

hydrogen bonding of complementary nucleotides

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of both DNA and RA polymerases

missense

A polypeptide in a wild type microbe contains the sequence Leu-Pro-Tyr Ser. Pro. A phenotypic variant of the species has the peptide sequence Leu=-Pro-Cys-Ser-Pro. This is an example of a(r) _ mutation.

both circular and found in a nucleoid

The bacterial chromosome is

plants

VIriods infect

ssDNA, ssRNA, or dsRNA

Some viruses have a dsDNA genome. Others may have _ genome.

metastasis

Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called

A;P

During elongation, a charged tRNA first enters the ribosomal _ site and then moves into the _ site

neoplasia

A cell is infected with a virus carrying an oncogene sequence in its genome. What process may occur if the oncogene is expressed in the infected cell?

silent mutation

If the codon AAA is changed to AAG it still codes for the amino acid lysine: this is an example of a

protoplast fusion

which method of inserting DNA into cells is illustrated

direction of polymerization

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by DNA and RNA polymerases?

lagging strand synthesis

The process indicated by the arrow in figure 7.1 represents

entry and release

The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle?

restriction enzymes

Which of the following are used for cutting DNA molecules into fragments?

each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original and one new strand

Semiconservative DNA replication means that

CRISPR-cas9

What new technology increases the precision of gene editing, and may make gene therapy easier?

biotechnology

The use of microorganisms to produce useful products is known as

they are small circular dan molecules that can replicate autonomously

Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids

a phosphate group

Which of the following is found at the 5' end of a DNA strand?

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are all involved

Which of the following is involved in translation?

a source of microbial contamination

a reservoir is

any microorganism that causes disease

A pathogen is best described as

skin portal

Chagas’ disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?

Tears that contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion

natural passive

vaccination triggers an immune response which produces _ immunity

both eosinophils and neutrophils

Which of the following cells can use nophagocytic means to kill bacteria?

a representative antigen for the microbe cannot be isolated

Passive immunotherapy is used when

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

subjective characteristics of a disease only the patient can feel

symptoms are hichW

fever

which of the following is a sign of disease

dendritic cells

Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the epidermis?

That sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other

mutualism is a relationship

the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis

opsonization is

herd immunity

when immunization levels in a population are high, _ provides protection from infection for at-risk persons who cannot be immunized.

naturally acquired active immunity

what type of immunity is produces by the body when a person contracts a disease

lymphocytes

Which of the following are agranulocytes?