Chapter 8 and 9

Autonomic Nervous System

Made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions and controls all involuntary body functions.

Axon

Delivers signals/ impulses to its target location or to another neuron. At the end of the axon is the axons terminals

Brainstem

Found at the base Of the brain and is made up of three different organs

Cell body

contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm

Cerebellum

The mini brain located in the lower back of the head works with our senses of balance coordination and equilibrium uses information from the semicircular canals and proper sectors of the muscles to tell us our location we can hinder its ability due to drugs, alcohol, etc

Cerebrum

largest part of the brain and controlled all conscious thought memory and most senses

Corpus callosum

a bridge of white matter that connects the two hemispheres together messages to cross

Cranial Nerves

12 pairs name with Roman numerals

Dendrite

receive signals that may result in a nerve impulse

Dietencephalon

region of the brain that in cases the third ventricle

Gyri

The Ridges and bulbous parts of the cerebral cortex

Meninges

three thin layers protective membrane that wrap around the CNS

Parasympathetic

rest and Digest default mode of the body when not in an emergency situation

somatic nervous system

Controls all voluntary actions and body functions muscle movement

Spinal nerves

31 pairs

Sulci

The shallow grooves about 1/4 inch deep around Gyri

Sympathetic

Fight or flight the neurotransmitters adrenaline is secreted

Neuroglia

non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support, protect, and nourish neurons

Cochlea

“Snail-Shell” organ. Has hollow canals with tiny hairs and fluid inside. Where the sound vibrations are interpreted into sound (frequency and pitch).

Cones

Three types (Blue, Green, Red) and give us our color and clarity of vision. Mainly used for what we see directly in front of us.

Cornea

The window into the eye. Transparent front part of the sclera where light first enters the eye.

Cutaneous Receptors

Found in the skin.

Hyperopia

Eyeball is not long enough. Image not hitting the retina correctly you can see far but not near.

Lens

The main focusing agent of the eye is squeezed and stretched by the ciliary muscles

Mechanoreceptors

Triggered by changes in pressure or movement (Skin, Muscle, Hearing).

Myopia

Eyeball is too long, image is not hitting the retina correctly. You can see what is near, but not far.

Olfactory Cells

Found in the superior aspect of the nasal cavity and are triggered by chemicals that enter our nose and are sent to the brain to be deciphered as various odors/smells

Ossicles

The smallest 3 bones in your body

Pain Receptors

Nociceptors, triggered by pain

Photoreceptors

Vision cells (Rods and Cones)

Proprioceptors

Type of mechanoreceptor and general sense found in your muscles and report their movements to your brain (cerebellum) and maintain muscle tone

Pupil

The hole in the eye that light enters and is made bigger (dilated) or smaller (constricted) by the muscle known as the iris.

Rods

Found on the periphery of the retina and sense motion and your gray tones (night vision)

Sclera

The outermost layer of the eye; the white part

Semicircular Canals

Tastes

We have 5 primary tastes that are triggered by various chemicals landing on our tongue; sweet, sour, salty, bitter, & umami