d) Wave behaviour

• reflection

• when a wave hits a boundary and bounces back into the original medium

• the law of reflection

• angle of incidence = angle of reflection

• the impact of reflection on frequency, wavelength, and wave speed

• all remain the same

• refraction

• when a wave passes through a boundary and changes speed and direction

• the direction of refraction when a wave slows down in the new medium

• the direction of refraction when a wave speeds up in the new medium

• towards the normal

• away from the normal

• the effect of refraction on frequency, wavelength, and wave speed

• frequency remains the same

• wavelength and wave speed change

• diffraction

• when a wave passes through a gap and spreads out

• the effect the size of a gap has on wave diffraction

• the closer the size of the gap to the size of the wavelength, the further the wave spreads out

• the effect of diffraction on frequency, wavelength, and wave speed

• all remain the same

• polarisation

• when all particles in a wave vibrate in the same plane

• the effect of polarisation on frequency, wavelength, and wave speed

• all remain the same