Health Final

Pregnancy

Occurs when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus.

How long does pregnancy last?

About 40 weeks (8–9 months).

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy

Missed period, tender/swollen breasts, nausea, increased urination, fatigue, moodiness, bloating, spotting, cramping, constipation, food aversions, nasal congestion.

Problems during pregnancy

Iron deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes, depression, high blood pressure, fetal problems, miscarriage, placenta previa, placental abruption, preeclampsia, preterm labor.

Premature birth

Birth before the 37th week of pregnancy.

Miscarriage

Spontaneous loss of pregnancy before the 20th week.

Labor process

When the fetus and placenta leave the uterus; signs include water breaking, contractions, discharge.

C-section birth

Delivery of a baby through a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus.

Multiple birth

When a mother delivers two or more offspring in one pregnancy.

Identical twins

One sperm and one egg unite and divide into two babies.

Fraternal twins

Two sperm and two eggs unite to form two babies.

Afterbirth

Delivery of the placenta about 10 minutes after birth.

Amnion sac

Bag of water protecting the baby in the womb.

Breech birth

Baby delivered feet or buttocks first.

Vas Deferens

Tube carrying sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.

Prostate gland

Secretes prostate fluid and helps propel seminal fluid.

Penis

Male reproductive organ through which semen exits.

Urethra

Tube carrying urine and semen out of the body.

Testis

Produces sperm and hormones like testosterone.

Scrotum

Protects testes and regulates temperature for sperm production.

Epididymis

Long coiled tube storing and transporting sperm.

Seminal Vesicle

Glands that secrete components of semen.

Sperm

Semen that enters the egg for reproduction.

Ejaculation

Ejection of semen from the body.

Endometrium

Lining of the uterus.

Vagina

Muscular tube leading to the cervix.

Cervix

Lower opening of the uterus directing sperm inward.

Uterus

Organ where offspring develop before birth.

Ovary

Produces hormones and releases eggs.

Fallopian Tubes

Tubes carrying eggs to the uterus; fertilization occurs here.

Ova/Ovum

Egg cell produced in the ovaries.

Menstrual Cycle

Natural body cycle preparing for pregnancy; averages 28 days.

Birth control prescription methods

Pill, shot, implant, IUD, diaphragm, vaginal ring, cervical cap.

Birth control non-prescription methods

Condoms, spermicides, birth control sponge.

Vasectomy

Cutting the vas deferens to prevent sperm release.

Tubal Ligation

Cutting and sealing fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization.

Abstinence

Only 100% guaranteed way to prevent pregnancy.

STD symptoms

Burning urination, sores, itching, discharge, abdominal pain.

Steps if you suspect an STD

Stop having sex, tell partner, get treatment, get partner treated, complete treatment.

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

HIV transmission methods

Sexual contact, IV drug use, infected blood, mother to baby.

Risky behaviors for HIV/STD

Tattoos, self-piercing, touching blood, multiple sexual partners.

Super Strand STD

STD resistant to antibiotics.

Chlamydia

STD and leading preventable cause of blindness.

Heart Rate

Number of heartbeats per minute.

Right atrium

Receives blood from the body.

Right ventricle

Pumps blood to the lungs.

Left atrium

Receives blood from the lungs.

Left ventricle

Pumps blood to the body.

Cholesterol

Fatty substance that builds in arteries and veins.

Statins

Cholesterol-lowering drugs.

Heart Attack

Occurs when heart arteries become clogged.

Cardiac Arrest

Occurs when the heart stops beating.

Sino Atrial Node

Cells controlling the electrical rhythm of the heart.

Angina

Chest pain caused by heart disease.

Heart Disease

Leading cause of death in the USA since the 1950s.

Carcinogen

Substance that causes cancer.

Cancer

Second leading cause of death in the USA.

Chemo Therapy/Radiation Therapy

Cancer treatments.

Lung Cancer

Most common type of cancer.

Melanoma

Skin cancer.

Stroke

Brain event caused by clot or rupture depriving brain of oxygen.

Ischemic Stroke

Stroke caused by a blood clot.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel.

Stroke Risk Factors

High blood pressure, smoking, obesity, birth control pills, high cholesterol, heart disease, age over 55.

Stroke symptoms

Weakness, dizziness, loss of balance, mood change, slurred speech.

FAST stroke check

Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech problems, Time to call for help.

Diabetes

Chronic disease where pancreas does not secrete insulin properly.

Type 1 Diabetes

Present at birth.

Type 2 Diabetes

Develops later in life.

Insulin

Hormone regulating blood sugar.

Hyperglycemia

Extremely high blood sugar.

Hypoglycemia

Extremely low blood sugar.

Blood Glucose

Blood sugar.

Diabetes symptoms

Thirst, urination, weight loss, blurry vision, numbness, slow healing, dry skin, exhaustion.

Side effects of diabetes

Blood vessel damage, heart attack, stroke, blindness, nerve damage, kidney disease, amputations.