18 Progressive Era

Historical vocabulary flashcards covering the Progressive Era, women's rights, immigration policies, and presidential programs.

19th Amendment ($1920$)

The constitutional amendment that achieved women’s suffrage.

Margaret Sanger

A reformer who promoted birth control access and knowledge, challenging norms of sexuality and female purity to expand ideas of women’s bodily autonomy.

Muller v. Oregon ($1908$)

A Supreme Court case that upheld limits on women’s work hours, justifying the restriction based on women’s reproductive roles and physical "difference."

Ellis Island

The primary immigration processing center for mostly European immigrants.

Angel Island

An immigration station that processed mostly Asian immigrants, often involving longer detention and interrogation periods.

El Paso

Known as the "Mexican Ellis Island," it served as the primary port of entry for Mexican immigrants fleeing the $1910$ Revolution to work in U.S. railroad, mining, and agricultural sectors.

Gentlemen’s Agreement

An immigration restriction policy specifically targeting Japan.

Theodore Roosevelt ($1901$-$1909$)

Progressive President who promoted the Square Deal, trust-busting (e.g., Northern Securities case), consumer protection, and conservation.

Square Deal

Roosevelt's program aimed at ensuring fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses through federal regulation.

Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act

Consumer protection laws supported by Theodore Roosevelt to regulate the safety of food and medicine.

William Howard Taft ($1909$-$1913$)

Progressive President who continued and expanded antitrust prosecutions more than Roosevelt and supported federal regulation of railroads.

Mann-Elkins Act ($1910$)

Legislation signed by Taft that strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).

Woodrow Wilson ($1913$-$1921$)

Progressive President who promoted the "New Freedom" program, restructured the financial system, and expanded federal economic oversight.

Federal Reserve Act ($1913$)

A law enacted under Woodrow Wilson that created the central banking system of the United States.

Clayton Antitrust Act ($1914$)

A law that strengthened antitrust enforcement and was part of Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom program.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

A federal agency established to regulate unfair business practices.

Limits of Progressivism

The era's failure to address Jim Crow segregation, the exclusion of African Americans, immigration restrictions, and the influence of eugenics.