Expanding the Push for Equality and Environmental Movement

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the expanding push for equality and the environmental movement, focusing on important events, legislation, and activists.

What prompted Latino immigration to the United States during and after World War II?

The need for agricultural labor.

What program allowed Mexican labor on American farms?

The bracero program.

What act contributed to a surge in Latino immigration from Latin America in 1965?

The Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965.

Who founded the United Farm Workers aimed at improving conditions for migrant farmworkers?

Cesar Chavez.

What movement sought greater political power for Latino communities?

The Chicano movement.

What did the American Indian Movement focus on?

Reducing poverty and securing legal rights for Native Americans.

What significant event occurred in February 1973 involving the American Indian Movement?

The occupation of Wounded Knee.

What did the Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975 grant tribes?

Greater control over reservation resources.

What book did Ralph Nader publish that initiated the consumer rights movement?

Unsafe at Any Speed.

What issue did 'Unsafe at Any Speed' examine?

Flawed automobile design and deaths in car accidents.

What act limited emissions from factories and automobiles?

The Clean Air Act of 1970.

What pesticide's use was restricted due to public outcry?

DDT.

What did Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring' raise awareness about?

The effects of pesticides on the environment.

What annual event was established as a response to environmental concerns?

Earth Day.

In what year did the first Earth Day occur?

1970.

What federal agency was created in 1970 to protect the environment?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What act protected endangered species in 1973?

The Endangered Species Act.

What incident in Love Canal led to increased environmental awareness?

Toxic waste contamination associated with birth defects and cancer.

What was Nixon's foreign policy approach termed?

Realpolitik.

Who was a major adviser to Nixon on national security?

Henry Kissinger.

What landmark visit did Nixon make in 1972 that normalized relations with a significant country?

His visit to China.

What did the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty accomplish?

It froze deployment of intercontinental ballistic missiles.

What economic condition characterized Nixon's presidency?

Stagflation.

Which scandal ultimately led to Nixon’s resignation?

The Watergate scandal.

What legislative act did Clinton sign to support family medical leave?

The Family Medical Leave Act.

What major health initiative did Clinton attempt that faced opposition?

Health care reform.

What political program did Newt Gingrich promote against Clinton?

The Contract With America.

What significant impact did personal computers have by the 1980s?

Transformed American business and industry.

What technological advancement allowed for rapid global communication in the late 20th century?

Satellites.

What telecommunications development permitted communication away from home?

Cellular telephones.

What did the Internet revolutionize in the 1990s?

Communication and access to information.

What chemical did Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring' specifically denote as harmful?

Pesticides.

What did the Clean Water Act of 1973 address?

Water pollution from industry and agriculture.

What were Americans encouraged to participate in on April 22, 1970?

Earth Day.

What movement focused on self-government and improved conditions for Native Americans?

The American Indian Movement.

What critical event did the American Indian Movement conduct at Wounded Knee?

A protest against reservation conditions.

What legislation provided additional protections for Americans with disabilities?

Laws passed in the 1970s guaranteeing equal access to education.

What were conservatives' views on environmental regulation during the late 1970s?

They argued it weakened property rights.

What was one effect of Nixon’s environmental reforms?

Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.

What act aimed to reduce vehicle emissions?

The Clean Air Act of 1970.

What was a major cause of rising oil prices during Nixon's presidency?

An international oil embargo.

What did the phrase 'silent majority' symbolize in Nixon's politics?

Frustration with large federal authority.

What event in 1973 resulted in a partial meltdown of a nuclear reactor?

The malfunction at Three Mile Island.

What movement emerged from Latino activism and expanded civil rights?

Chicano movement.

What environmental issue became prominent in the late 1970s after births defects were linked to toxic waste?

Love Canal.

What was one outcome of Nixon's visit to China?

Normalized relations between the U.S. and China.

Who did Nixon invite to Moscow for negotiations following his visit to China?

Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.

What does the term 'détente' refer to in context of U.S.-Soviet relations?

Easing of hostility between the two superpowers.

What did the Brady Bill entail regarding weapon sales?

Imposed a five-day waiting period on handgun sales.

What phenomenon during the late 20th century transformed commerce and education?

The Internet.

What legislation sought to improve safety for Americans in automobiles?

Laws following the publication of Unsafe at Any Speed.

What did Rachel Carson argue human activities had created a responsibility to protect?

Natural systems.

What was one major environmental crisis in the late 1970s?

Toxic waste contamination.

What did public protests regarding environmental issues lead to?

Congress restricting pesticide use.