Alcools, Phénols et Ethers

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes about Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers, focusing on definitions and key concepts.

Alcohols

Compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an alkyl group, represented by the general formula R-OH.

Monohydric Alcohols

Alcohols containing one hydroxyl group.

Dihydric Alcohols

Alcohols containing two hydroxyl groups.

Trihydric Alcohols

Alcohols containing three hydroxyl groups.

Primary Alcohols

Alcohols where the -OH group is attached to a carbon atom with one alkyl group.

Secondary Alcohols

Alcohols where the -OH group is attached to a carbon atom with two alkyl groups.

Tertiary Alcohols

Alcohols where the -OH group is attached to a carbon atom with three alkyl groups.

Vinylic Alcohols

Alcohols where the -OH group is bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond.

Boiling Points of Alcohols

The boiling points of alcohols increase with the number of carbon atoms due to increased van der Waals forces.

Hydrogen Bonding in Alcohols

The high boiling points of alcohols are mainly due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Acidity of Alcohols

The acidic character of alcohols is due to the polar nature of the O-H bond.

Esterification

The reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides to form esters.

Lucas Reagent

A mixture of concentrated HCl and anhydrous ZnCl2 used to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

Oxidation of Alcohols

The formation of a carbon-oxygen double bond with the cleavage of O-H and C-H bonds in the oxidation process.

Dehydration of Alcohols

The process where alcohols lose a molecule of water to form alkenes.

Hydroboration-Oxidation

A method to convert alkenes to alcohols in excellent yield via addition of diborane.

Grignard Reagents

Reagents that react with formaldehyde to yield primary alcohols.