Mughal and East Asian History Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and events related to the Mughal Empire, British colonialism in India, and developments in China and Japan during the late imperial periods.

Aurangzeb

One of the last great Mughal emperors; under his rule, the Mughal empire reached its greatest extent, but his policies contributed to its downfall.

Akbar

The greatest Mughal emperor known for promoting discussions between all religions and supporting art and culture in India.

Mughal Empire

A dominant early modern empire in India characterized by centralized government, military technology (gunpowder), religious tolerance, and economic and artistic prosperity.

Military Fiscalism

A historical practice where states structure their economy to fund the military, often by heavily taxing citizens, especially during prolonged conflicts.

English East India Company

An English company that monopolized trade in India and evolved to have its own army and administration, ultimately dissolving in 1874.

Warren Hastings

The first British governor of India known for appreciating Indian culture and treating Indian people as equals.

Lord Cornwallis

A British general who commanded forces during the American revolution and later served as governor-general of India, where he concentrated power and institutionalized racism.

Revolt of 1857

A massive but unsuccessful revolt against the British East India Company's rule due to lack of a centralized plan; it ultimately led to the end of company rule in India.

Late Ming Consumer Culture

A period in Ming China characterized by intense commercialization, a money-driven economy, and the expansion of luxury goods production.

Tokugawa Shogunate

The final Feudal Military government of Japan, known for bringing 250 years of peace and social order, which ultimately fell due to internal pressures and U.S. arrival.

Late Qing China

The final era of imperial rule in China before its collapse, characterized by systematic decline and foreign interference, along with multiple rebellions.

Opium Wars

Conflicts between western powers and the Qing dynasty over British opium smuggling, which resulted in unequal treaties favoring Britain.

Domestic Rebellions

Major violent uprisings against the government caused by issues like famine or corruption, indicating the government's ineffectiveness.

Rise of Japanese Ultranationalism

A mindset that emerged in 1920s Japan, promoting extreme loyalty to the emperor driven by economic depression and resentment towards western ideals, contributing to WW2.

Massacre and Partition in India

Events leading to the creation of independent India and Pakistan due to Hindu-Muslim tensions, resulting in one of history's largest migrations and extreme violence against Muslims.