science exam

Atoms

The basic building blocks of matter made of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Protons

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

Neutrons

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom

Electrons

Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus

Nucleus

The dense center of an atom containing protons and neutrons

Chemical Symbol

A one or two letter abbreviation used to represent an element

Chemical Name

The full name of an element or compound

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom

Atomic Mass

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Group (Periodic Table)

A vertical column on the periodic table

Period (Periodic Table)

A horizontal row on the periodic table

Physical Property

A characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance

Chemical Property

A characteristic that describes how a substance reacts with other substances

Conductor

A material that allows heat or electricity to flow through it easily

Semiconductor

A material that can conduct electricity under certain conditions

Ductility

The ability of a material to be stretched into wires

Malleability

The ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets

Luster

The shininess of a material

Isotope

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Cation

A positively charged ion formed by losing electrons

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons

Valence electron

An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom

Molecule

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Compound

A substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined

Subscript

A small number in a chemical formula showing the number of atoms of an element

Coefficient

A number placed in front of a chemical formula showing the number of molecules

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance

Solvent

The substance that dissolves another substance in a solution

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

Solution

A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent

Pure substance

A material made of only one type of particle

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is evenly mixed throughout

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is not evenly mixed throughout

Boyles Law

A law stating that pressure and volume are inversely related when temperature is constant

Charles Law

A law stating that volume and temperature are directly related when pressure is constant

Archimedes Principle

An object in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

Pascal’s Principle

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid

Bernoulli Principle

As the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases

Viscosity

A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow