Med Bio Final Wisk
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54 Terms
Osmosis
high-low, no energy required, H2O transported, aquaporins used
diffusion
high-low, no energy required, O2 moved, phospholipid used
facilitated diffusion
high-low, no energy required, glucose moved, protein channel used
active transport
low-high, energy used, any substance moved, protein pumps used
surface area
area outside an object
volume
space inside an object
trend of SA:V as an object gets smaller
become more efficient
how SA:V influences the size of the cell
To maximize efficiency cells are small
shapes and sizes that maximize SA:V
small shapes
why we don’t use the DNA directly to make proteins
thymine doesn’t have an anticodon
property of DNA
2 backbones
purpose of transcription
create MRNA and transport to ribosome
property of DNA
info held in cytoplasm
property of DNA
shape is double helix
property of DNA
long in length
SA definition
area of all sides
property of RNA
1 backbone
property of RNA
information held in nucleus and the cytoplasm
property of RNA
shape is straight
property of RNA
short in length
the part of the cell that transcription occurs
nucleus
the thing that is read in transcription
DNA
the thing that is created in transcription
MRNA
purpose of translation
to create 3D folded proteins
the part of the cell does translation occur
ribosome
the thing that is read in translation
MRNA
codon
3 bases of MRNA that code for 1 amino acid
anti-codon
3 bases of TRNA that code for 1 amino acid
the way DNA determines the type of proteins that are made
DNA’s bases are transcribed and translated into proteins
the substance backbones are made of
phosphate and deoxyribose
the thing that holds bases together in DNA
hydrogen bonds
the number of hydrogen bonds in-between G and C
3 Hydrogen bonds
the number of hydrogen bonds in-between A and T
2 Hydrogen bonds
the reason backbones are said to be antiparallel
one reads 3-5 and one reads 5-3
the way DNA stores information
the length and sequence of the bases
the way DNA is related to a gene
Gene is a segment of DNA that codes for one trait
the way DNA is related to a chromosome
Chromosomes are made of DNA
overall goal of cell cycle with meiosis
to keep the same # of chromosomes constant with each generation
the reason cell cycle with meiosis is important
increases genetic variation
the place in the body where meiosis occurs
sex organs
properties of Mitosis
creates exact copies of itself
properties of Mitosis
occurs in sematic cells
properties of Mitosis
create a diploid number of cells
properties of meiosis
creates copies with half of the info of the parent cells
properties of meiosis
occurs in reproductive organs
properties of meiosis
creates a haploid number of cells
properties of meiosis
creates gametes
properties of mitosis
creates body cells
the reason it is important for cells to be in haploid at the end of meiosis
so only half of the genetic makeup of a human is contained
haploid
4 cells
diploid
2 cells
the reason crossover is important
to increase genetic variety
independent assortment
cells line up side by side
the reason independent assortment is important