Antepartum Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the key concepts, nutritional requirements, assessments, and complications of the antepartum period based on lecture notes.

Antepartum Period

The timeframe that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor, approximately $40\,weeks$.

First Trimester

$\text{Weeks } 1-13$ of pregnancy.

Second Trimester

$\text{Weeks } 14-26$ of pregnancy.

Third Trimester

$\text{Weeks } 27-40$ of pregnancy.

Initial Prenatal Visit

The most comprehensive visit which includes demographics, risk factor identification, medical history, physical exam, and Pap smear.

Routine Prenatal Visit Schedule

Monthly until $7\,months$, every $2\,weeks$ during the $8th\,month$, and weekly until delivery.

Caffeine Limit in Pregnancy

$200\,mg/day$.

Folic Acid Intake (Pre-pregnancy)

$400\,mcg/day$ for individuals of childbearing age.

Folic Acid Intake (Pregnancy)

$600\,mcg/day$ to prevent fetal neural tube defects.

Protein Requirement

$60\,g/day$ for fetal growth.

Calcium (Third Trimester)

Critical during the third trimester for fetal bone mineralization.

Weight Gain: Normal BMI

$25-35\,lbs$.

Weight Gain: Underweight

$28-40\,lbs$.

Weight Gain: Overweight

$15-25\,lbs$.

Fundal Height Measurement

Measured from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus; starts at $18-20\,weeks$.

Fundal Height Correlation

Between $18-30\,weeks$, the measurement in centimeters is approximately equal to the gestational weeks.

Leopold Maneuvers

Four steps used to determine fetal presentation, position, lie, and attitude, and to locate the fetal back for FHR monitoring.

Fetal Kick Counts

Starting at $28\,weeks$, expecting $10$ movements in $\le 2\,hours$; fewer than $10$ movements requires contacting a provider.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe nausea and vomiting causing dehydration, weight loss, and ketonuria; treated with IV fluids and antiemetics like Diclegis or ondansetron.

Hyperemesis Treatment Protocol

Administer thiamine before dextrose to the patient.

Gestational Hypertension (GH)

High blood pressure occurring after $20\,weeks$ of pregnancy without the presence of proteinuria.

Mild Preeclampsia

Condition after $20\,weeks$ with BP $\ge 140/90$, proteinuria $1-2+$, and edema.

Severe Preeclampsia

Condition after $20\,weeks$ with BP $\ge 160/110$, proteinuria $3-4+$, oliguria, headache, visual changes, and RUQ/epigastric pain.

Eclampsia

Preeclampsia accompanied by seizures, which can occur antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum.

HELLP Syndrome

A complication involving Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets; abdominal palpation must be avoided due to risk of liver rupture.

Magnesium Sulfate

Medication used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia; requires monitoring of RR, DTRs, and urine output of $> 30\,mL/hr$.

Magnesium Sulfate Therapeutic Level

$4-8\,mg/dL$.

Magnesium Sulfate Antidote

Calcium gluconate.

Incompetent Cervix

Painless dilation resulting in recurrent pregnancy loss, diagnosed when cervical length is $< 20\,mm$.

Placenta Previa

Placenta implants low or over the cervix, causing painless bright red bleeding; vaginal exams are contraindicated.

Placental Abruption

Premature placental separation causing painful dark red bleeding and a boardlike uterus; risks include DIC and fetal hypoxia.

Gestational Diabetes (Screening)

Screened at $24-28\,weeks$; a $1-hr$ glucose $\ge 130-140\,mg/dL$ requires a $3-hr$ test.

Rh Incompatibility Treatment

RhoGAM is administered at $28\,weeks$ and within $72\,hours$ postpartum, provided sensitization has not already occurred.

TORCH Infections

Toxoplasmosis, Other (syphilis, HBV, varicella, parvovirus), Rubella, CMV, and HSV; cause congenital anomalies or stillbirth.

Toxoplasmosis Prevention

Avoidance of cat litter and raw meat during pregnancy.

HSV Management

C-section delivery is required if the mother has active lesions.