Mental Disorders: Schizophrenia and Depression

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering subtypes, symptoms, and theories of Schizophrenia and Depression based on lecture materials.

Schizophrenia

This serious mental illness affects thoughts, feelings, and how a person sees reality. About 0.5% of people have it.

Positive Symptoms

These are symptoms like false beliefs (delusions) and seeing or hearing things that aren’t there (hallucinations).

Delusions

These are false beliefs that someone with schizophrenia strongly believes are true.

Hallucinations

These are experiences where a person sees or hears things that are not real.

Negative Symptoms

These are symptoms that show a lack of normal emotions or behavior, like not showing feelings.

Flat Affect

This means a person does not show any emotions on their face.

Catatonia

This is when a person cannot move or move around a lot without purpose.

Loose Associations

This is when someone’s thoughts and speech are not connected well.

Inappropriate Affect

This is when a person’s emotional response does not match the situation.

Persecutory Delusions

This is when someone believes that others are trying to harm or spy on them.

Referential Delusions

This is when someone thinks that things around them have special meaning just for them.

Grandiose Delusions

This is when someone believes they are very important or have special powers.

Identity Delusions

This is when someone believes they are someone famous or important.

Guilt Delusions

This is when someone believes they have done something very bad.

Control Delusions

This is when a person thinks that outside forces control their thoughts and actions.

Derailment

This happens when a person's speech goes off track.

Tangentiality

This is when someone talks about something that is not really related to the original topic.

Clanging

This is when speech is driven by the sound of words rather than their meaning.

Neologisms

This is when someone makes up new words that don't make sense.

Incoherence

This means speech that is very confusing and hard to understand.

Echolalia

This is when a person repeats what someone else says.

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A type of schizophrenia where a person mainly has delusions or hallucinations that make them feel suspicious.

Disorganized Schizophrenia

A type of schizophrenia with confused speech or behavior and flat or weird emotions.

Catatonic Schizophrenia

A type of schizophrenia with immobility or strange movements.

Undifferentiated or Residual Schizophrenia

A type of schizophrenia that doesn’t fit into the other categories.

Dopamine

A brain chemical that is linked to schizophrenia; medications for it block this chemical.

Downward drift

This theory says that people with schizophrenia may lose their social and economic status.

Expressed Parental Emotion

Parental behavior that is overly critical or too involved, which can worsen schizophrenia.

Diathesis-Stress Explanation

This theory suggests that someone with a genetic risk can develop schizophrenia in a bad family environment.

Major Depressive Disorder

This is a serious mood disorder where a person feels very sad and has no interest in things they used to enjoy.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

This is a milder form of depression that lasts for at least 2 years.

Unipolar Depression

This is another name for Major Depression, where a person only feels sad.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder that involves flipping between feeling very sad and very happy.

Mania

This is a state of feeling extremely happy and energetic, sometimes leading to risky actions.

Bipolar I

This is a type of bipolar disorder with extreme manic and depressive episodes.

Bipolar II

This type has major depression and less severe mania.

Hypomania

This is a milder form of mania.

SSRIs

These are medications for depression that help increase a chemical in the brain called serotonin.

Beck's theory

This theory says that negative thinking patterns lead to depression.

Learned Helplessness Theory

This theory suggests that feeling helpless can lead to depression.