Pathophysiology Basics PP

cells

bodys basic building block

large groups of individual cells form

tissues such as

muscle

blood

bone

tissues form organs

which become body systems

cells are composed of

cytoplasm

cell membrane

mitochondrion

nucleus

ribosome

golgi apparatus

lysosome

cell reproduction stage 1

mitosis

nucleus and genetic material divide

cell reproduction stage 2

cytokinesis

cytoplasm divides

cell division phases

prophse

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

cell adaptation

atrophy

hypertrophy

metaplasia

dysplasia

types of cell injury

toxic

infectious

physical

deficit

toxic cell injury

endogenous and exogenous

infectious cell injury

viruses

fungi

protozoa

bacteria

physical cell injury

thermal and mechanical

deficit cell injury

lack of basic requirement

maintaining homeostasis

medulla, pituitary gland, reticular formation are regulators

two types of feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis

negative and positive

disease

occurs when homeostasis is not maintained

influenced by genetic factors, unhealthy behaviors, personality type, and perception of disease

manifests in various ways depending on the patient’s environment

illness

occurs when a person is no longer in a state of “normal” health

enables a person’s body to adapt to the disease

causes of disease

intrinsic

extrinsic

stressors

intrinsic cause of disease

heredity

age

gender

extrinsic causes of disease

infectious agents or behaviors such as inactivity, smoking, drug use

stressors causes of disease

physiologic

psychological

disease development signs and symptoms

increase or decrease in metabolism or cell division

hypofunction such as constipation

hyperfunction such as increased mucus production

increased mechanical function such as a seizure

disease stages

exposure or injury

latent or incubation period

prodromal period

acute phase

remission

convalescence

recovery