Molecular Biology and Genetics

proteins

composed of amino acid chains and folded into shapes hat support biological functions

carbohydrates

composed of carbon/hydrogen and supply cells with energy

lipids

fats and store energy for your body

nucleic acids

encoded with genetic information

prokaryotes

lack of a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

eukaryotes

distinct nucleus

organelles

a structure within a cell that performs a certian task

nucleus

contains the cell’s DNA

mitochondria

produces energy by converting nutrients into ATP

cytoplasm

gelatinous fluid within the cell

ER

helps transport, synthesize, modify, and fold proteins

ribosomes

synthesizes proteins with the help of mRNA

mitosis

creating somatic cells

meiosis

creating germ cells

pairs of chromosomes in humans

23

total chromosomes in humans

46

elongation

the assembly of a new daughter strand based on the parent strand’s template

termination

a “stop sequence” signals the DNA polymerase to cease building and the strand is now complete