PERIOD 2 FINAL

ab

away from

dextro

right side

levo or sinistro

left side

ambi

both sides

pathy

disease, pathology

word root

The main part of a term that contains the primary meaning or body part

malaise

general discomfort, illness, uneasiness

transverse plane

divides the body into upper and lower sections

caudal

towards the feet, opposite of cephalic

dorsal cavity

contains the brain and spinal cord

iliac region

hip bone area

nucleus

Control center of the cell

adenoma

benign tumor of a gland

skeletal system

gives our bodies structure and protects major organs like the heart, lungs, and brain

muscular system

enables movement of the body and internal organs

ankylosis

stiff joint condition

patella

kneecap

osteopath

one who treats ailments by placing pressure on bones and nerves

physiatrist

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

synovial fluid

The small amount of liquid within hinge and ball and socket joints, used as lubrication.

appendicular skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

achilles tendon

the tendon connecting calf muscles to the heel.

fascia

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

abduction

movement away from the midline

flexors, extensors, abductor, adductor

muscles can be classified according to the movements they elicit

sarcopenia

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

paresis

partial paralysis

pulmonary veins

Deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

endarterial

within an artery

sinoatrial node

located in the right atrium

erythrocytes

red blood cells

hypoxia

Low oxygen in tissues

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

adenoids

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

carcinoma in situ

malignant tumor in its original position that hasn't invaded the surrounding tissues.

cytotoxic

kills or damages living cells

sacrum

located at the end of the vertebrae in the pelvic cavity

sinus

cavity within a bone

alveoli

air sacs in the lungs

bronchial tubes, alveoli, lungs

lower portion of the respiratory system

wheezing

sound made when airway is blocked

urinalysis

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

Meninges

protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

vestibularcochlear nerve

The cranial nerve that helps controls balance

anxiety disorder

can contribute to a panic attack

malleus

hammer, inside of inner ear

glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure

hyperhidrosis

excessive sweating

cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.

atopic dermatitis

eczema

Homeostasis

constant internal environment

pancreatic islets

make insulin and glucagon

epinephrine

stimulates the sympathetic nervous system

gluconeogenesis

The process where glucagon stimulates the liver to produce glucose.

scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

testes, testicles

2 small egg shaped gland that produce sperm

Fallopian tubes

tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus

polydipsia

excessive thirst

oophorectomy

surgical removal of an ovary

hyperthermia

Abnormally high body temperature

palpation

to examine by using the hands

red blood count

a lab test that measures the number of red blood cells

Acetaminophen

reduces pain and fever but not inflammation

laceration

jagged wound

regurgitation

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

pulmonary function tests

A group of tests used to determine lung function by measuring air flow

phobia

abnormal fear

hematuria

blood in the urine

bradycardia

slow heart rate

atrophy

to waste away, loss of muscle

hydronephrosis

enlargement of the kidney

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon

paraplegia

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

arteriostenosis

abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

thrombocytopenia

low platelet count

hemorrhagic stroke

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel

osteoporosis

loss of bone density (can be due to menopause)

metastasis

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

avascular necrosis

death of tissue or bone due to insufficient blood supply

arthroplasty

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

contracture

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin

pleural effusion

an excess amount of fluid around the lungs

bradypnea

slow breathing

polyphagia

excessive hunger

hyperphagia

excessive eating

spasm

muscle contraction, cramping

nullipara

a woman who has never borne a viable child

prone

lying face down

retinoblastoma

tumor arising from a developing retinal cell

Western blot test

a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of HIV after an Elisa test

ELISA test

detects anti-HIV antibodies; Western blot given as follow-up

nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea

upper portion of respiratory tract

koilonychia

deformity of the nail due to anemia or low oxygen in tissues

nephron

functional unit of the kidney

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes, inside the nucleus

nephrosis

abnormal condition of the kidney

olfactory system

the sensory system for smell

rheumatologist

A skeletal system specialists focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis.

mastication

Function of the oral cavity where digestion begins.