Unit 9 - Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids

Has more [H+] ions(Arrhenius + Brunsted-Lowry); Tastes sour

Acids react with metals to make…

H₂ gas and a Salt

Acids react with carbonate to make…

CO_2(g), H₂O_(l), and a salt

Bases

Has more [OH-] ions(Arrhenius); Soapy or slippery/tastes bitter

Bases accept what ions?

H+ ions(Brunsted-Lowry)

How can you tell if a substance is an acid?

Hydrogen in front of an Anion

If the Acid ends with an -ate

→ -ic Acid

If the Acid ends with an -ite

→ ous Acid

If the Acid ends with an -ide

→ Hydro____ic Acid

Acids dissolves to form…

H+ ions(H3O+) - Arrhenius

Bases dissolves to form…

OH- ions - Arrhenius

Strong Acids and Bases mix to form…

Salt + Water

Acid Base Neutralization Reaction

Reaction for an Acid and Base that turns into a Salt + Water

Given the Salt KF, write the equation

HF + KOH → KF + H₂O

H₃O - Hydronium means there is a higher concentration of…

H+ ions

In the pH scale, 0-6 means that the liquid is…, 7 is…, and 8-14 is…

acidic; neutral; basic

pH and pOH formulas

1.) pH = -log[H+]

2.) pOH = -log[OH-]

3.) [H+] = 10^-pH

4.) [OH-] = 10^-pOH

5.) pH + pOH = 14

6.) [H+][OH-] = 1*10¹⁴

Given the Salt, find the equation; KF

HF + KOH → H₂O + KF

Strong acids and bases…(are electrolytes)

completely dissociate and conduct electricity

Electrolytes

Ionic compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water(aqueous)

Strong electrolytes do the following…

1.) Fully break up

2.) Ionic, strong Acids, strong Bases

3.) Conduct electricity well

Weak electrolytes(Still have some reactants) do the following…

1.) Partially break up

2.) Weak acids and bases

3.) Partially conducts electricity

Nonelectrolytes do the following…

1.) Covalent

2.) Do not conduct electricity

The strength of the electrolyte depends on the…

amount of dissociation in water - amount broken up into cations + anions

Dissociation Constant for Acids

K_a

Dissociation Constant for Bases

K_b

Dissociation Constant Formula

K_a/b = [P]/[R]

Rules for Dissociation Constants

1.) Only use aqueous or gas

2.) Raise to the power of coefficient

If k_a or k_b is larger than 1, it is…

strong

If k_a or k_b is smaller than 1, it is…

weak - partially dissociate in water

The process of neutralizing an acid and base usually to solve for the unknown molarity or molar mass of the solid

Titration

End point occurs when… called the equivalence point

the indicator changes colors; mols of acids = mols of base

An acid is a _____ donor

proton

An acid produces/loses an ____

H+ ion

A base is a ____ acceptor

proton

A base accepts or gains an _____

H+ ion

Conjugate acids and bases are molecules that…

differ by a proton; ex. acid on one side is a conjugate base on the other

Amphoteric

Can be both ais wn acid and base(H2O)

Protic refers to number of…

hydrogen

Monoprotic

one hydrogen

Polyprotic

2 or more hydrogens

Buffers resist change in ____ when limited amounts of ______ are added

pH; acids or bases

Buffers are a mixture of a _____

weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid

How do buffer solutions resist changes in pH?

buffers react with any H+ or OH- ions that are added

Buffer capacity

Limit to amount of acid or base a buffered solution can resist