Unit 9 - Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids

Has more [H+] ions(Arrhenius + Brunsted-Lowry)

Acids react with metals to make…

H₂ gas and a Salt

Acids react with carbonate to make…

CO_2(g), H₂O_(l), and a salt

Bases

Has more [OH-] ions(Arrhenius)

Bases accept what ions?

H+ ions(Brunsted-Lowry)

How can you tell if a substance is an acid?

Hydrogen in front of an Anion

If the Acid ends with an -ate

→ -ic Acid

If the Acid ends with an -ite

→ ous Acid

If the Acid ends with an -ide

→ Hydro____ic Acid

Acids dissolves to form…

H+ ions(H3O+) - Arrhenius

Bases dissolves to form…

OH- ions - Arrhenius

Strong Acids and Bases mix to form…

Salt + Water

Acid Base Neutralization Reaction

Reaction for an Acid and Base that turns into a Salt + Water

Given the Salt KF, write the equation

HF + KOH → KF + H₂O

H₃O - Hydronium means there is a higher concentration of…

H+ ions

In the pH scale, 0-6 means that the liquid is…, 7 is…, and 8-14 is…

acidic; neutral; basic

pH and pOH formulas

1.) pH = -log[H+]

2.) pOH = -log[OH-]

3.) [H+] = 10^-pH

4.) [OH-] = 10^-pOH

5.) pH + pOH = 14

6.) [H+][OH-] = 1*10¹⁴

Given the Salt, find the equation; KF

HF + KOH → H₂O + KF

Electrolytes

Ionic compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water(aqueous)

Strong electrolytes do the following…

1.) Fully break up

2.) Ionic, strong Acids, strong Bases

3.) Conduct electricity well

Weak electrolytes(Still have some reactants) do the following…

1.) Partially break up

2.) Weak acids and bases

3.) Partially conducts electricity

Nonelectrolytes do the following…

1.) Covalent

2.) Do not conduct electricity

The strength of the electrolyte depends on the…

amount of dissociation in water - amount broken up into cations + anions

Dissociation Constant for Acids

K_a

Dissociation Constant for Bases

K_b

Dissociation Constant Formula

K_a/b = [P]/[R]

Rules for Dissociation Constants

1.) Only use aqueous or gas

2.) Raise to the power of coefficient

If k_a or k_b is larger than 1, it is…

strong

If k_a or k_b is smaller than 1, it is…

weak - partially dissociate in water