Stages in Mitosis.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTmibYv8ouw

What happens during interphase

Each chromosome is copied, to form two sister chromatids, they remain joined at the centromere

Chromosomes are invisible prior to mitosis

Whats first stage of mitosis

Its called prophase

During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible in the nucleus.

The nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappears

Centrioles move to the opposite ends of cell

Spindle fibres attach to centromeres and start to move chromosomes to equator

Whats the second stage of mitosis

Metaphase

The chromosomes arrange themselves along the equator of the cell (this line is called the metaphase plate)

Whats the third stage of mitosis

Anaphase

The centromeres divide into two, and spindle fibres begin to shorten

This pulls sister chromatids towards opposite poles of the cell

Whats fourth stage of mitosis

Telophase

The chromatids have reached the poles of the cell, these are now referred to as chromosomes.

The spindle apparatus breaks down , and nuclear envelope / nucleolus reforms

Chromosomes uncoil annd become long and thin again

What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells

The cell surface membrane is pulled inwards by the cytoskeleton, and cleavage furrow forms in the middle of the cell.

The membranes fuse to form two independent cells.

What happens during cytokinesis in plant cells

Cell wall prevents cleavage

Cell plate forms in the middle of the cell

Vesicles from the golgi apparatus line up along the metaphase plate

Vesicles fuse with each other and the cell surface membrane

New cell wall then forms.