Transaction Processing

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Last updated 11:21 AM on 5/4/26
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15 Terms

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Transaction
A sequence of database requests that accesses the database; a logical unit of work that either entirely completes or is aborted.
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Consistent database state
A state in which all data integrity constraints are satisfied.
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Rollback
Reverting the database to its previous consistent state because a transaction failed or was explicitly aborted.
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Atomicity (the A in ACID)
All parts of a transaction are treated as a single, indivisible logical unit
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Consistency (the C in ACID)
Data integrity constraints are satisfied; transactions must start and end in consistent states.
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Isolation (the I in ACID)
A data item used by one transaction is not available to other transactions until the first one ends.
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Durability (the D in ACID)
Once a transaction is committed, its changes cannot be undone or lost, even after a system failure.
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Serializability
The selected order of concurrent transaction operations produces the same final database state as some serial execution would have produced.
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COMMIT
Permanently records all changes made by the transaction and ends the transaction.
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ROLLBACK
Aborts all changes made by the transaction and reverts the database to its previous state.
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START TRANSACTION (MySQL)
Explicitly begins a transaction; required in MySQL where transactions are not always implicit.
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Implicit COMMIT
When the SQL command set ends successfully, all changes are recorded automatically as if COMMIT were issued.
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Implicit ROLLBACK
When the SQL command set terminates abnormally, changes are aborted automatically as if ROLLBACK were issued.
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Transaction log
A DBMS feature that keeps track of all transaction operations that update the database, used for recovery from rollbacks, abnormal termination, or system failure.
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Six things stored in the transaction log
(1) Begin marker for each transaction, (2) Operation type (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE), (3) Names of affected objects, (4) Before-and-after values for updated fields, (5) Pointers to previous and next log entries, (6) End/COMMIT marker.