Genetics

Since quizlet is annoying

Trait

Trait

A distinguishing quality/characteristic typically one belonging to a person passed from one generation to the next.

Variation

Modified form of an original, different.

Phenotype

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Allele

Different forms of a gene

Dominant trait

Allele always expressed in the phenotype

Recessive trait

Allele only expressed in the phenotype when homozygous

Population

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

Mutation

Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein

Chromosomes

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Varieties

Different types of the same thing

Species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Inheritance

The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring.

Sex-linked trait

A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Heterozygous

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Punnett square

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Pedigree chart

A chart which shows several generations of related families and how traits are passed down through the offspring.

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape