Zoo Lab Final

Paramecium → Phylum Ciliophora

Entomobea histolytica

causes amoebic dysentery

phylum Ameobozoa → subphylum lobozoa → class Archamobea

Trypanosoma

causes sleeping sickness

Phylum Euglenozoa → class Kinoplastida

Foraminifera

external tests with pseudopodia extending through pores

Radiozoa

rigid exoskeleton with axopodia supported by microtubules

Stentor

Phylum ciliophora → class Heterotrichea

Plasmodium vivax

causes malaria

phylum apicomplexa → class aconoidasida

Amoeba proteus

phylum amebozoa → class tubulinea → order euamoebida

Spicules

made by sclerocytes

composed of silica or calcium carbonate

Gemmules

used for asexual reproduction (dormant in unfavorable conditions)

osculum and spongocoel

incurrent canal, radial canal, and spongocoel

nematocyst

stinging cells

siphonoglyph, pharynx, tentacles

Planula Larva

scyphistoma larva

ephyrae

Obelia

phylum cnidaria → class obelia

Gonangium (left) and hydranth (right)

tentacles, pharynx, siphonoglyph, acontia, pedal disk

Turbellaria planaria

HYDRA SHOWING SPERMARIES

HYDRA SHOWING OVARIES AND TESTES
BUDDING

1. brain

2. eye

3. sensory lobe

4. ventrolateral nerve

5. intestine

6. pharynx

7. mouth

Fasicola hepatica (liver fluke)

phylum Platyhelminthes → class trematoda

Fasicola hepatica digestive system

• incomplete

• highly branched

• adapted for feeding on bile, tissue, and blood of host

1. gastrodermis

2. branches of digestive track

3. circular muscles

4. epidermis

5. dorsoventral muscles

1. hooks

2. rostellum

3. suckers

class cestoda (tapeworm)

Clonorchis sinensis (oriental liver fluke)

class cestoda

1. oral cavity

2. pharynx

3. intestine

4. ventral sucker

5. uterus

6. ovaries

7. seminal receptacle

8. testes

Clonorchis sinensis life cycle

• intermediate snail host

• miracidium differentiates into sprocytes

• cercariae emerge from snail and burrow into fish

• form metacercariae in muscle tissue of fish

• infect people if fish improperly cooked

Fluke life cycle

Egg → Miracidium → Sporocyst → Redia → Cercaria → Mesocercaria (little modified) or Metacercaria (encysted) → Adult

Schistosoma

Blood fluke

class trematoda

Schistosoma haematobium

class trematoda

Planaria regeneration

class Turbellaria

Hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus

Echinococcus granulosus life cycle

adult in small intestine → embryonated egg in feces ingested → oncosphere hatches and penetrates intestinal wall → hydatid cyst spreads through organs → protoscolex develops from cyst → scolex attaches to intestine → adult

sheep intermediate host (ingest egg in feces) → canine definitive host (ingest hydatid cyst from organs)

Trichuris (Whipworm)

Phylum Nematoda

Nematoda movement

whiplike fashion due to lack of circular muscle (only longitudinal)

Ascaris cross section

Phylum Nematoda

1. cuticle and hypodermis

2. longitudinal muscle

3. ovary

4. oviduct

5. uterus

6. intestine

1. cuticle and hypodermis

2. longitudinal muscle

3. vas deferens

4. testis

5. lateral line with excretory canal

6. intestine

7. Pseudocoelom

1. trochal disc

2. eye spots

3. brain

4. mastax

5. nephridia

6. germovitellarium

7. toes

Rotifera movement

swim - cilia of corona beat

creep - foot and toes

folded gill (ctenidium)

radula of snail (class gastropoda)

mussel glochidia larvae (parasitic)

Trochophore larva

1. shell

2. foot

3. velium

Veliger larva (free-swimming)

1. gills

2. anterior foot retractor

3. anterior adductor

4. posterior foot retractor

5. posterior adductor

6. foot

7. labial palps

8. mantle

nidamental glands

paired reproductive organs in cephalopods

Polychaetes (clamworms)

oligochaeta (earthworms)

Hirudinea (leeches)

Neris parapodium

1. superior ligula

2. aciculum

3. inferior ligula

4. neurochaeta

1. longitudinal muscle

2. typhlosole

3. lumen of intestine

4. circular muscle

5. subneural blood vessel

6. dorsal blood vessel

7. epidermis

8. coelom

9. seta

10. ventral blood vessel

11. ventral nerve cord

1. channel

2. crop

3. dorsoventral muscle

4. dermis

5. cecum

6. circular muscle

7. longitudinal muscle

8. epidermis

9. cuticle

setae

bristles/hairs on worms

chaetae

stiff bristles made of chitin

parapodia

lateral outgrowths on invertebrates

metameric segmentation

linear and serial repetition of homogenous body parts

clitellum

thick non-segmented section of oligochaetes

nephridia

excretory organs of annelids

nauplius larvae of barnacles

Cirripedia (barnacles)

subphylum crustacea

1. rostrum

2. aperture

3. capitulum

4. peduncle

somites

bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form in the embryonic stage

Uniramous

single unbranched series of segments

biramous

forked/branched appendage

water flea (daphnia)

cyclops (copepods)

zoea larva of crabs

megalops larva of crab

who has mandibles

insecta, crustaceans, myriapods

who have antenna

insecta, crustaceans, myriapods

book lungs

honey bee stinger and poison sac

Cimex (bed bug)

human body louse

flea (insecta)

anopheles mosquito

1. pollen basket

2. pollen press

1. femur

2. trochanter

3. coxa

4. tibia

5. pretarus

6. tarus

1. hypopharynx

2. stipes

3. lacina

4. galea

5. palps

6. labium

7. ligula

8. mentum

9. maxilla

10. mandible

11. labrum

12. clypens

1. coxa

2. trochanter

3. femur

4. patella

5. tibia

6. metatarsus

7. tarsus

1. prosoma

2. opisothosoma

whipscorpion

frons, clypeus, labrum

1. telson

2. aculeus

3. opisthosoma

4. cephalothorax

5. chelicerae

6. pedipalps

7. walking legs

8. metasoma

scorpion (chelicerata)

1. stomach

2. anus

3. ampulla

4. radial canal

5. ring canal

6. mouth

7. digestive gland

echinoidea

sea urchins, mobile, stalked

asteroidea

sea stars, mobile, stalked

ophiuroidea

brittle stars, movile, stalked

crinoidea

sea lillies, sessile, unstalked

blastoidea

sea buds, sessile, unstalked

bipinnaria larva of sea stars (astroidea)

brachiolaria larva of sea stars (astroidea)

echinopluteus larva of sea urchins (echinoidea)