East Asia, South East Asia, Africa, and Europe 1200-1450

Flashcards about East Asia, South East Asia, Africa, and Europe during 1200-1450

What are the continuities and traditions of Chinese culture?

Mandate of Heaven, Xenophobia, Ethnocentrism, Creativity and Innovation, Importance of Family (filial piety), Low status of women, and Conflicts with Nature

What was the reason for Paper money in China?

Lack of resources with growing population in China

What transportation systems developed in China?

Expansion of the Grand Canal, refined roads and bridges (Silk Roads), better ship designs, and the magnetic compass

What farming systems were developed in China?

Introduction of Champa rice, irrigation systems, new tools, terraced hillsides, and crop rotation

What from China influenced Japan?

Pagoda style architecture and language

What from China influenced Korea?

Language used some characters as China (Hanzi) until their own (Hangul)

What type of government did China have during this period?

Civil Service Exam because being in the government was desired

What is Cultural Conservatism?

Culture remained the same throughout because they did not believe in change

What was valued in education?

The Civil Service Exam

What was Chinese political structure like under the Song Dynasty?

The Mandate of Heaven (rulers had a job from heaven to maintain law and order) and the Dynastic Cycle (ruler replaced by a more popular rule)

What was Chinese society like under the Song Dynasty?

Civil Service Exam (3-day exam), filial piety (respect for one's elders)

What characterized the Chinese economy under the Song Dynasty?

Champa rice (produced more rice), the Grand Canal (connects rice farms to cities)

What kind of social order did China have?

State < citizen, Men < women, Elders < juniors, Parents < children

What is the Dynastic Cycle?

New dynasty claims mandate of heaven, emperor reforms government, common people's lives improve, conflicts, taxes rise, government corruption, conflicts with nature, peasant rebellion, change of leader, kill emperor (cycle repeats)

What are the three branches of Buddhism?

Theravada, Mahayana, and Bodhisattvas

What is the Grand Canal?

A 900-mile canal connecting inland rice fields to cities for transportation of food, trade, and communication

What is Champa Rice?

Drought-resistant rice introduced as tribute from Vietnam, leading to increased population

What is Theravada Buddhism?

Originated in Sri Lanka, believed in practice of monks and monasteries

What is Mahayana Buddhism?

Originated in East Asia, encouraged broader participation in Buddhist practice

What is Bodhisattvas Buddhism?

Aimed to help others reach the path of enlightenment

What characterized the Commercialization of the Economy in China?

Manufactures and artisans produced more than was sold, sold excess goods to markets across Eurasia (porcelain, silk)

What are the basic core understandings of Islam?

Prophet Muhammad claimed to be the final prophet, salvation through righteous actions (alms giving, prayer, fasting)

What are the basic core understandings of Judaism?

ethnic religion of Jews, teaching of the Torah

What are the basic core understandings of Christianity?

Extension of Judaism, teaching of Jesus Christ

Who were the Rightly Guided Caliphs?

Followed Muhammad's death, conquered other countries and gained wealth by controlling trade systems

Who were the Umayyads?

Took over after the overthrow of the Caliphs, division between Shi'as and Sunnis

Who were the Abbasids?

Used the Jizya tax on non-Muslims, spread Islam through merchants and missionaries

How did merchants spread Islam?

Control of trade throughout Afro-Eurasia, adapted other cultures, spread Islam through trade

How did Missionaries spread Islam?

Settled in new areas of Afro-Eurasia to promote Islam

What were Advances in math due to Islam?

Set up banks offering letters of credit (Sakks)

What were Advances in medicine due to Islam?

Medical Encyclopedia

What was role for Islam In South and Southeast Asia

Established the Delhi Sultanate, heavy Muslim control made Islam the main religion for Muslims

What role did Hinduism play in South and Southeast Asia

The first religion in India, Bhakti movement created challenges to social and gender hierarchies

What was the Khmer Empire?

From Hinduism to Buddhism, creation of Angkor Wat

What was the Aztec Empire?

Founded in 1345, tribute systems required labor and contributions, enslaved people used as human sacrifice

What was Ethiopia?

Hierarchical power structure, first Christian empire, traded salt

What was the Great Zimbabwe?

Focused on trade like gold, crops, cattle

What was the Mayan culture?

Focused on agriculture, large towns dominated smaller towns

What was the Inca Empire?

Used bureaucracy, hierarchy of officials, Mit'a system required labor in farms, mines, military, construction, and state projects

What role did Christianity play in Europe?

Dominated Europe split into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism

Eastern Orthodox (Byzantine Empire-Kievan Rus)

Byzantine Empire-Kievan Rus united the people and increased trade

Roman Catholicism

Linked every state in the region culturally, hierarchy of popes, priests, bishops, influenced society, culture, and politics

What are Decentralized Monarchs?

Independent towns connected through languages and culture

Who was King John?

tried to raise taxes to fund a war, nobles rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, which gave power to lower and middle classes

What is Feudalism?

A system of allegiances between monarchs, lords, knights, and peasants

What is Manorialism?

Manor (land) rented to peasants who worked it for protection from lords

what is Coerced labor

Labor against one's will, basically slavery

What is a Bureaucracy?

Government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carries out the will of the emperor

What is Buddhism?

Centers on four noble truths (life is suffering, we suffer because we care, we cease suffering when we cease craving, eightfold path leads to cessation of suffering and craving)

Who are the sunni muslims?

Believe that the first four caliphs were "rightly guided."

Who are the Shi'a muslims?

Believe that Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law, should have succeeded Muhammad.