water and endosymbiosis

OIL RIG

oxygen is lost, electrons are gained

electrons can be transferred, resulting in changes in system

mitochondria

where cell respiration happens, browning of fruit

involve OIL RIG

nonpolar covalent

no charge, hydrophobic (lipid), peptide bonds between amino acids

polar covalent

partial charges and hydrophilic

amphipathic

polar + nonpolar regions together

ionic

charges, can be hydrophilic

can disassociate in H2O, NaCl

when dissociated interfere with H bonds of water, lowering freeing point

phospholipid

cell membrane

interior is fats, hate water

phosphate

polar

phosphorus and oxygen, loves water

Hydrogen Bond

attraction of electronegative atoms (O,N,F) to a positive hydrogen (H+)

give unique properties: cohesion, adhesion, less dense crystalline structure (fish), high specific heat

dotted line

less dense as ice

require lots of energy to break

H2O molecules

polar, like to bond/dissolve other polar molecules

cohesion

H bonds pull H2O molecules together> oxygen of one H2O

H bonds with hydrogen of another

surface tension

adhesion

polar molecule attached to another polar molecule

surface tension

inward pull of H2O molecules > appears as a film with resistance

capillary action

cohesion + adhesion, sticks to suibstance & liquid flows through narrow space without other forces

xylem

how plant xylem move H2O

transpiration (H+ Polar) & evaporation drives an upward pull

Specific Heat

amount of energy needed to change 1 gram of a substance by degree celcius

(4.184 joules/gram/degree C)

coastel areas modereately temped

makes H2O a great insulator

helps humans transfer heat and resist drastic changes

heat of vaporization

amt of energy that must be added to a liquid transform into gas

when H2O evaporates, energy takes up > cooling

thermoregulation

homeostasis via evaporative cooling (sweating)