Parse Deck

Simple active stem

Qal (קַל) — the base, most common stem

Simple passive / reflexive stem

Niphal (נִפְעַל) — marked by נִ prefix (or assimilation)

Intensive active stem

Piel (פִּעֵל) — doubled middle root letter (dagesh forte)

Intensive passive stem

Pual (פֻּעַל) — Piel pattern shifted to u-class vowels

Intensive reflexive stem

Hithpael (הִתְפַּעֵל) — הִתְ prefix + Piel vowel pattern

Causative active stem

Hiphil (הִפְעִיל) — הִ prefix, long ī vowel in stem

Causative passive stem

Hophal (הָפְעַל) — הָ prefix, u/o vowel color

Dagesh forte in the middle root letter

Piel, Pual, or Hithpael — you are in the intensive system

הִ prefix on a verb

Hiphil (causative active) or Hithpael (intensive reflexive)

הָ prefix on a verb

Hophal — causative passive

u-class vowel (קֻ / שֻׁ) on the first root letter

Passive stem — Pual or Hophal

נִ at the start of a perfect form

Niphal — simple passive or reflexive

Long ī (חִירֶק גָּדוֹל) in the stem

Strong Hiphil signal — e.g. הִקְטִיל