Data Handling Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering the fundamental concepts of data handling, including variable types, levels of data organization, and graphical representation tools like tally tables, pictographs, and bar graphs.

Data Handling

The process of gathering, organizing, analyzing, and presenting information in a way that is helpful for drawing conclusions, making predictions, and understanding patterns.

Categorical Data

Data that represents characteristics or favorite things, such as ice cream flavors, types of fruit, or modes of transport.

Numerical Measurement Data

Data involving quantities or measurements that can be grouped into intervals, such as school bag mass or learner heights between $120-129\,cm$.

Data Collection

The systematic process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest to answer research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Variable of Interest

The specific characteristic, factor, or phenomenon that a study is focused on measuring or investigating.

Dependent Variable

The variable being tested in an experiment that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation; it is the outcome being measured.

Independent Variable

The factor that is manipulated, changed on purpose, or controlled by the researcher to see if it has an effect on another variable.

Control Variable

The factor in an experiment that remains unchanged and constant throughout the testing process.

Raw Data

Information that has just been collected, such as a list of facts, numbers, or observations, before it has been sorted or analyzed.

Organized Data

Information arranged in a way that is easy to understand and use, often represented through charts, tables, or graphs.

Tally Table

A simple way to record and count the frequency of data using vertical lines, where every fifth mark crosses the previous four to form a group of $5$.

Frequency

The count of tally marks used to determine how many times a specific event or response occurred in a data set.

Pictograph

Also called a pictogram, it is a way to represent data using images, icons, or symbols where each symbol represents a specific value or quantity.

Key (Pictograph)

A component of a pictograph that explains what each symbol represents, such as one symbol = $5$ items or each pet = $1$.

Bar Graph

Also known as a bar chart, it is a visual representation of data using rectangular bars to display information, often in a series of vertical angles.

Horizontal and Vertical Axes

The x-axis and y-axis of a graph used to provide labels and a framework for measuring and categorizing data.

Scale

A key part of a bar graph that shows the units used on the axes to indicate how data is measured, such as $1$ unit length = $10$ children.

Labels

The descriptions on a bar graph that explain what kind of data is shown on the x and y axes.