How did Hitler set up a dictatorship?

4 ways Hitler set up a dictatorship

Legal measures

Force

Compromise

Setting up of parallel Nazi organisations

What is

Legal measures

Force

Compromise

Setting up of parallel Nazi organisations

4 ways Hitler set up a dictatorship

What legal measures did Hitler use to set up a dictatorship? (7)

-Post-Reichstag fire, Hitler convinces Hindenburg to declare a state of emergency

→ Gives Hitler power over police = legally arrest political opponents + ban opposition newspapers

-24th March 1933 Enabling Act

→ gives Hitler power to pass laws w/out Reichstag for 4 years

-31st March 1933 Lander stripped of most power

-May 1933 Trade Unions banned

-July 1933 all other parties banned

-Combined role of President + Chancellor into role of Fuhrer (Aug 1934, after Hindenburg’s death)

→ won the plebiscite on this, making it > acceptable abroad

-After becoming Fuhrer, makes himself head of armed forces + army swears oath of loyalty to him, not GER

What is

-Post-Reichstag fire, Hitler convinces Hindenburg to declare a state of emergency

→ Gives Hitler power over police = legally arrest political opponents + ban opposition newspapers

-24th March 1933 Enabling Act

→ gives Hitler power to pass laws w/out Reichstag for 4 years

-31st March 1933 Lander stripped of most power

-May 1933 Trade Unions banned

-July 1933 all other parties banned

-Combined role of President + Chancellor into role of Fuhrer (Aug 1934, after Hindenburg’s death)

→ won the plebiscite on this, making it > acceptable abroad

-After becoming Fuhrer, makes himself head of armed forces + army swears oath of loyalty to him, not GER

7 legal measures Hitler used to set up a dictatorship

What did Hitler make the army do, once he became Fuhrer?

Swear an oath of loyalty to him, not GER

Made himself head of army

What + when was enabling act?

24th March 1933

Allowed Hitler to pass laws w/out Reichstag for 4 years

When were Lander stripped of most of their power?

31st March 1933

What happened 31st March 1933?

Lander stripped of most of their power

What did Hitler get Hindenburg to do after Feb 1933 Reichstag fire?

Declare state of emergency

→ Gives Hitler power over police so could legally arrest political opponents + ban oppositon newspapers (around 4k COM arrested)

How many COM were arrested after Feb 1933 Reichstag fire?

Around 4k

Who had around 4k of them arrested after Feb 1933 Reichstag fire?

COM

2 things Hitler banned + when

May 1933 - Trade Unions

July 1933 - All other parties

When did Hitler make himself Fuhrer?

Aug 1934 after Hindenburg’s death

Combined role of Chancellor + President

Won the plebiscite on this issue, > acceptable to abroad

Who were the legal measures targeted towards?

Political opponents + CONS elite

What was targeted towards Political opponents + CONS elite?

Legal measures

What is the process of Nazifying GER called?

Gleichschaltung

What is Gleichschaltung?

Process of Nazifying GER

Why were legal measures used?

Made Hitler’s power appear more legitimate = less oppositon

All lawful = anyone against it has a right to be punished

Move to 1 party state

What is

Made Hitler’s power appear more legitimate = less oppositon

All lawful = anyone against it has a right to be punished

Move to 1 party state

Why legal measures were used

What force was used to set up a dictatorship? (5)

-100,000 non-jewish political opponents sent to conc. camps 1933

-30th June 1934 Night of the Long Knives

→ Feared Rohm seize power so him + other senior SA members arrested + shot

Next few days several hundred killed including Schleicher + his wife

-Convinced Papen to appoint Goering as Prussian minister. Enrolls SA as police + enrolls an extra 50,000 into police force (mainly SS + SA members)

-Wide use of violence against political opponents March 1933

-Force used to pass 24th March 1933 Enabling Act (intimidate opponents, not allow COM into Reichstag)

What is

-100,000 non-jewish political opponents sent to conc. camps 1933

-30th June 1934 Night of the Long Knives

→ Feared Rohm seize power so him + other senior SA members arrested + shot

Next few days several hundred killed including Schleicher + his wife

-Convinced Papen to appoint Goering as Prussian minister. Enrolls SA as police + enrolls an extra 50,000 into police force (mainly SS + SA members)

-Wide use of violence against political opponents March 1933

-Force used to pass 24th March 1933 Enabling Act (intimidate opponents, not allow COM into Reichstag)

5 uses of force to set up a dictatorship

How was 24th March 1933 Enabling Act passed?

Using force to intimidate other parties + not let COM into the Reichstag

What did Goering do when he was appointed Prussian minister by Papen?

Enrolled SA as police + enrolled another 50,000 into police force (mainly SS + SA members)

When was the Night of the Long knives?

30th June 1934

What happened 30th June 1934 Night of the Long Knives?

Feared Rohm would try to seize power so him + other senior SA officials arrested + shot

Next few days several hundred killed including Schleicher + his wife

Prominent figures killed in 30th June 1934 Night of the Long Knives

Rohm

Schleicher + his wife

Who was use of force targets towards?

Powerful enemies

General public

COM + Socialists

What is

Powerful enemies

General public

COM + Socialists

Who use of force targeted

Why was force used?

Scared people into submission

Showed lengths Hitler would go to keep power

Staunched opponents who wouldnt be pacified by compromise

What is

Scared people into submission

Showed lengths Hitler would go to keep power

Staunched opponents who wouldnt be pacified by compromise

Why force was used

How was compromise used to set up a dictatorship? (5)

-Promised a comprehensive agreement w/ Papacy to win over Catholic Centre party (Z)

-Feb 1933 Nazis made deal w/ industrialists for 3 mill Reichsmarks

-Gave huge arms contracts to industrialists

-30th June 1934 Night of Long Knives ensured army support coz undermined radical parts of Nazi party

-Aligned himself w/ forces of Old GER at opening of new Reichstag March 1933 (wore a suit + bowed to Hindenburg)

What is

-Promised a comprehensive agreement w/ Papacy to win over Catholic Centre party (Z)

-Feb 1933 Nazis made deal w/ industrialists for 3 mill Reichsmarks

-Gave huge arms contracts to industrialists

-30th June 1934 Night of Long Knives ensured army support coz undermined radical parts of Nazi party

-Aligned himself w/ forces of Old GER at opening of new Reichstag March 1933 (wore a suit + bowed to Hindenburg)

5 Uses of compromise to create a dictatorship

What deals did Hitler make with the industrialists?

-Deal of 3 million Reichmarks

-Gave them huge arms contracts

How did Hitler win Catholic Centre party support for enabling act?

Promised a comprehensive agreement w/ the papacy

How did 30th June 1934 Night of Long Knives help keep army support?

Undermined radical parts of the party

How did Hitler align himself w/ forces of Old GER?

Wore a suit + bowed to Hindenburg at opening of new Reichstag

Who did the use of compromise target?

CONS elite

What targeted the CONS elite?

Use of compromise

Why was compromise used?

Most powerful groups in society are less easy to intimidate due to economic, cultural + military power

What is

Most powerful groups in society are less easy to intimidate due to economic, cultural + military power

Why compromise was used

How was setting up of parallel Nazi organisations used to set up a dictatorship? (3)

-Every national voluntary association + local clubs brought under Nazi control

-DAF (GER Labour Front) became largest organisation in GER w/ 22 million members

→ put in place to control workers

-BDM (Nazi women’s organisation)

What is

-Every national voluntary association + local clubs brought under Nazi control

-DAF (GER Labour Front) became largest organisation in GER w/ 22 million members

→ put in place to control workers

-BDM (Nazi women’s organisation)

3 uses of setting up parallel Nazi organisations to set up a dictatorship

What happened to every national voluntary + local club in GER?

Brought under Nazi control

Who did the setting up parallel nazi organisations target?

W/C + women

What targeted W/C + women?

Setting up parallel Nazi organisations

Why was setting up of parallel Nazi organisations used?

Enforce control

Break ties to SPD/KPD

Enforce traditional gender roles

What is

Enforce control

Break ties to SPD/KPD

Enforce traditional gender roles

Why setting up of Nazi parallel organisations was used

How many members did DAF have?

22 million

What was the Nazi women’s organisation?

BDM

What was BDM?

Nazi women’s organisation

Why was the oath of allegiance from army seen as end of Gleichschaltung?

Acceptance from the one group who could properly oust him