Mini quizzes and homework

during inhalation, pressure ___, and volume ____

decreases, increases

which intercostal muscles are synergists of inhalation

external intercostal muscles

what chamber do the pulmonary veins connect to

left atrium of the heart

are pulmonary veins oxygenated or deoxygenated

oxygenated

Complete the pathway: Lymphatic capillaries -> ___________________ -> Lymphatic trunks

lymphatic vessels

What part of the lymphatic system is involved in antibody production?

lymphocytes

Which section of the alimentary canal is responsible for absorption of nutrients?

small intestine

What section of the large intestine connects to the ileum of the small intestine?

cecum

Complete the pathway: Sinusoids -> central veins -> ___________________ -> IVC

hepatic veins

What artery does the hepatic artery branch off of?

celiac trunk

what two gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood

oxygen and carbon dioxide

what specific part of the lungs are involved in gas exchange

happens in the alveoli in the lungs

what type of blood vessel is involved in gas exchange

capillaries

what happens to the volume and pressure inside of the thorax during inspiration

the volume of the thoracic cavity increases during inspiration as the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands and the pressure decreases allowing air to flow into lungs

what happens to the volume and pressure inside of the thorax during expiration

the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases as the diaphragm relaxes and the rib cage moves inward which increases the pressure and forces air out of the lungs

what is the function of a heart valve

to keep blood moving in one direction and prevent back flow

what valves are open during the contraction phase

semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) are open to allow blood to be pumped out of the heart

what valves are closed during the contraction phase

atrioventricular valves are closed to stop blood flowing back to the atria

what valves are open during the relaxation phase

the AV valves are open to let blood flow from the atria into the ventricles

what valves are closed during the relaxation phase

semilunar valves are closed to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles

what makes a vessel appear red or blue

based on how much oxygen the blood contains

red blood vessels have

oxygen rich blood

blue blood vessels have

oxygen poor blood

why is the pattern reversed like this in the lungs

because pulmonary arteries carry oxygen poor blood to the lungs and the pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood back to the heart

what part of the small intestine connects to the stomach

duodenum

what part of the small intestine connects to the large intestine

ileum

what part is intermediate to these regions

jejunum