OT 730: Muscles of the Upper and Lower Extremities Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of muscles in the upper and lower extremities as detailed in the lecture transcript.

What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Serratus anterior?

Origin: Ribs $1-8$ (or $9$); Insertion: Vertebral (medial) border of the scapula; Innervation: Long thoracic nerve.

What actions does the Pectoralis minor perform, and which nerve innervates it?

Action: Depresses & moves the scapula anteriorly, and elevates ribs $3-5$ in forced inspiration; Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve.

Describe the origin and insertion of the Trapezius muscle.

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of $C7-T12$; Insertion: Clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula.

What is the innervation of the Trapezius?

Spinal Accessory nerve CN XI.

What common innervation is shared by the Levator scapulae, Rhomboid major, and Rhomboid minor?

Dorsal scapular nerve ($C5$).

Where does the Pectoralis major insert and what are its primary actions?

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus; Actions: Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially.

What muscle is known as the 'handcuff muscle' and what is its innervation?

Latissimus dorsi; Innervated by the Thoracodorsal nerve.

List the four Rotator Cuff muscles and their respective insertion points on the humerus.

Teres minor, Infraspinatus, and Supraspinatus insert on the Greater tubercle; Subscapularis inserts on the Lesser tubercle.

Which nerve innervates both the Teres minor and the Deltoid?

Axillary nerve ($C5$, $C6$).

What are the two origins of the Biceps brachii?

Short head: Coracoid process; Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle.

What is the primary action and innervation of the Brachialis muscle?

Action: Flexes forearm; Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve.

What is unique about the viewing and classification of the Brachioradialis?

It can be viewed from either anterior or posterior, but it is considered part of the posterior compartment.

Which nerve innervates the Triceps brachii and what is its insertion point?

Radial nerve; Insertion: Olecranon process.

Distinguish between the insertions and actions of Flexor carpi ulnaris and Flexor carpi radialis.

Both insert on the Metacarpals and flex the wrist. Flexor carpi ulnaris ADDucts the wrist (Ulnar nerve), while Flexor carpi radialis ABducts the wrist (Median nerve).

What is the difference in insertion and action between the Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)?

FDS inserts on the Middle phalanges and flexes proximal phalanges; FDP inserts on the Distal phalanges and flexes distal phalanges.

What are the dual innervations of the Flexor digitorum profundus and the Lumbricals?

Flexor digitorum profundus: Median nerve ($2$ & $3$) and Ulnar nerve ($4$ & $5$); Lumbricals: Median nerve ($4$ & $5$) and Ulnar nerve ($2$ & $3$).

Which nerve innervates the Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, and Extensor indicis?

Deep radial nerve.

What are the origin, insertion, and innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid?

Origin: Medial clavicle and manubrium; Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone; Innervation: CN XI - Spinal Accessory n.

List the muscles in the Gluteal group and their corresponding innervations.

Gluteus maximus: Inferior gluteal nerve; Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus: Superior gluteal nerve.

Identify the innervation and action of the Piriformis.

Innervation: Sacral nerves $1$ & $2$ ($S1$, $S2$); Action: Laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh.

What muscle has both an 'adductor part' and a 'hamstring part' and what are their respective innervations?

Adductor magnus; Adductor part: Obturator nerve; Hamstring part: Sciatic nerve.

Which four muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris and what is their common innervation?

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius; Common innervation: Femoral nerve.

What are the three muscles of the Hamstring group and their common origin?

Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus; Common origin: Ischial tuberosity.

Which nerve innervates the Tibialis anterior and what are its actions?

Deep fibular nerve; Actions: Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot.

What common insertion do the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris share?

The Calcaneus (Gastrocnemius and Soleus specifically via the calcaneal tendon).