CHEM 103 Chapter 4

Reactants

Substances that start a reaction

Products

Substances formed in a reaction

Coefficient

Number in front of a formula representing mole ratio

Balanced Equation

Equation with equal atoms on both sides

Molecular Equation

Shows compounds in a reaction

Complete Ionic Equation

Shows all ions in solution

Net Ionic Equation

Shows only reacting species

Spectator Ion

Ion that does not change during reaction

Precipitation Reaction

Reaction that forms a solid

Acid-Base Reaction

Reaction involving transfer of H⁺

Neutralization

Acid + base produces salt and water

Redox Reaction

Reaction involving electron transfer

Oxidation

Loss of electrons

Reduction

Gain of electrons

Oxidation Number

Charge an atom would have in a compound

Strong Acid/Bases

Fully dissociate in water

Weak Acid/Bases

Partially dissociate in water

Stoichiometry

Quantitative relationships in reactions

Mole Ratio

Ratio of substances from coefficients

Limiting Reactant

Reactant that runs out first

Excess Reactant

Reactant left over

Theoretical Yield

Maximum expected product

Actual Yield

Measured product obtained

Percent Yield

(actual ÷ theoretical) × 100

Titration

Method to find concentration using volume

Gravimetric Analysis

Method using mass of precipitate

Combustion Analysis

Method to find empirical formula