history ch 10

superpowers

a country whose economy, military, and politics can influence the world. after ww2 usa and soviet union

cause of cold war

usa and soviet union don’t trust each other because of their different ideologies and economies/governments

iron curtain

division between democracy/communism

eastern bloc

countries dominated by soviet communism

western bloc

countries supported by usa/democratic

truman doctrine

any nation threatened by armed aggression by inside or outside can receive economic and military support from usa

george kennan

wanted to contain communism from spreading (containment)

marshall plan

plan to rebuild eastern Europe to not become communist

COMECOM

counsil for mutual economic assistance

Berlin blockade

stalin blocked all railroads and streets going to berlin

gale halverson

american pilot; surprised east Berlin kids with chocolate

NATO

north Atlantic treaty organization; created to prevent communism from spreading

warsaw pact

countries allied with Soviet union

Alexander Dubcek

led “prague spring” revolt against Soviet union in czetchoslovakia

prague spring

revolt against Soviet union led by Alexander dubcek in czetchoslovakia

sputnik

first satellite in space launched by Soviet union

brinkmanship

pushing opponent to edge of war; practiced by usa and SU. called “balance of terror” by churchill

missile gap

usa’s fear of the SU having more missiles than them

open skies treaty

president Eisenhowers idea; allowed SU and usa to spy on each other; soviets disagreed

SALT

strategic arms limitation talks

ABM treaty

anti-ballistic missiles; agreed to not use them

detente

tensions ease by talking

SDI strategic defense initiative

usa wants to put laser in space “star wars”

(intermediate forces) INF treaty

gets rid of short range missiles

START strategic arms reduction treaty

gets rid of some nuclear weapons

nuclear non proliferation treaty (NPT)

dozens of countries sign to promise to not use or make nuclear weapons

SEATO

southeast Asia treaty organization. created by USA to prevent spread of communism

CENTO

central treaty organization (middle east). created by USA to prevent spread of communism

OAS

organization of American states (Latin America). created by USA to prevent spread of communism

Fidel castro

overthrows fulgencio Batista

fulgencio Batista

president of cuba. overthrown by Fidel Castro

bay of pigs

failed attempt by cia to overthrow castro

collectivization

government owns all farms

nikita krushchev

takes over leadership of Soviet union, publicly denounces stalin and closes prison camps

leonid brezhrev

takes over after Nikita Khrushchev dies, reopens camps

andrei sakharov

famous physicist who criticizes stalin

aleksander Solzhenitsyn

criticized stalin, went to a camp, and wrote a book about it

HUAC

house unamerican activities committee. goal is to find and imprison communists

GI bill

gives soldiers money to go to college or start businesses