Focus Topics

Delivering or replacing organs, cells, or tissues in an attempt to restore diseased and damaged tissues and whole organs is defined as?

regenerative medicine

What are the three parts of regenerative medicine?

platelet rich plasma

stem cells

viscosupplementation

Releases bioactive proteins which stimulate the body’s ability to heal due to its regenerative, analgesic, and anti inflammatory properties. Obtained from the patient’s blood using the centrifugation method and then injected into the target site

platelet rich plasma

What are the indications for platelet rich plasma?

OA

ligament injury

meniscus injury

muscle injury

tendinopathy

spine disorder

Bone marrow aspirate is collected and centrifuged to harvest. Capable of self renewal and differentiation into many different cells and injected into the target site

stem cell

What are the indications for stem cells?

malignant and non malignant diseases

tendinopathies

plantar fasciitis

OA

burns

MS

SCI

Injection of hyaluronic acid into intra articular space can restore viscosity and elasticity of osteoarthritic synovial fluid. Plays an essential role in shock absorption, lubrication, and the viscoelastic nature of the synovial fluid

viscosupplementation

What are the indications for viscosupplementation?

knee OA

What must a PT consider for a patient s/p regenerative medicine?

rest for first 24-48 hours

avoid weightbearing

avoid ice/heat and NSAIDS for 14 days before and after

What should be performed during the initial rehabilitation phase of regenerative medicine?

gentle ROM

isometrics

stationary bike

elliptical

What should be performed during the early phase of regenerative medicine?

strengthening and neuromuscular control exercises

endurance training

What should be performed during the final stages of rehabilitation for regenerative medicine?

sport specific dynamic extremity control and stability exercises

What mobilization is appropriate for improving wrist flexion?

dorsal/posterior glide of the carpal bones

Which mobilization is appropriate to improve wrist extension

volar/anterior glide of the carpal bones

Which mobilization is appropriate for improving ulnar deviation?

radial glide of the carpal bones

Which mobilization is appropriate to improve radial deviation?

ulnar glide of the carpal bones

What is another name for diabetic ulcers?

neuropathic ulcers

Where do you see diabetic ulcers?

over the sole of foot (weight bearing surface)

What scale do we use for diabetic ulcers?

Wagner scale

What are the scores for the Wagner scale?

grade 0

grade 1

grade 2

grade 3

grade 4

grade 5

Define grade 0 for the Wagner scale

no open ulcer

possible bone deformation

Define grade 1 for the Wagner scale

superficial ulcer

without penetration to deeper tissue

Define grade 2 for the Wagner scale

deeper extension into tendons, bones, or joint capsule may be exposed

Define grade 3 for the Wagner scale

presence of tendonitis, osteomyelitis, cellulitis, or deeper tissue abscess

Define grade 4 for the Wagner scale

wet or dry gangrene of toe or dorsum of foot

plantar infection

Define grade 5 for the Wagner scale

extensive gangrene of foot with necrotic lesions

soft tissue infections

What is the normal value for sodium?

135-145

What is the normal value for potassium?

3.5-5

What is the normal value for chloride?

95-105

What is the normal value for calcium?

9-11

What is the normal value for BUN?

10-20

What is the normal value for creatinine?

0.5-1.2

What is the normal value for carbon dioxide?

20-29

What is the normal value for magnesium?

1.5-2.5

What is the normal value for hemoglobin for males?

13-18

What is the normal value for hemoglobin for females?

12-16

What is the normal value for hematocrit for males?

37-49

What is the normal value for hematocrit for females?

36-46

What is the normal value for pH?

7.35-7.45

What is the normal value for PaCO2?

35-45

What is the normal value for HCO3?

22-26

What is the normal value for pO2?

60-100

What is the normal value for O2 saturation?

95-98%

Describe where you want O2 saturation with activity

above 90%

What is the normal value for fasting glucose?

60-99

What value is indicative of hypoglycemia?

less than 70

What value indicates glucose tolerance (insulin resistance)?

100-125

What value indicates diabetes mellitus?

greater than 126