General Education Filipino Refresher Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering Filipino grammar, linguistic theories, parts of speech, and the history of the national language based on the 2023 Board Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers (BLEPT) refresher notes.

Ayos ng Pangungusap

The arrangement of the subject (simuno) and predicate (panaguri) in a sentence.

Simuno

The subject or the topic being discussed in a sentence.

Panaguri

The predicate or the part of the sentence that describes the subject.

Di-karaniwang Ayos

A sentence structure where the subject comes before the predicate, typically indicated by the word "ay".

Karaniwang Ayos

A sentence structure where the predicate comes before the subject.

Diptonggo

A vowel followed by the semi-vowels /w/ or /y/ within the same syllable; there are seven in Filipino: -aw, -iw, -ay, -ey, -iy, -oy, and -uy.

Katinig

Consonants; the Modern Filipino alphabet contains $23$ of these out of the $28$ total letters.

Patinig

Vowels; the Filipino alphabet contains $5$ vowels: a, e, i, o, u.

Paglalapi

The process of affixation, which involves adding affixes to a root word.

Pagkaltas

The removal or omission of a letter or phoneme in a word (e.g., kitlin, takpan).

Unlapi

A prefix; an affix added to the beginning of a root word.

Gitlapi

An infix; an affix added inside the root word (e.g., -um-).

Hulapi

A suffix; an affix added to the end of a root word.

Kabilaan

An affixation type where affixes are added to both the beginning and the end of the root word.

Laguhan

An affixation type where affixes are added to the beginning, middle, and end of the root word (e.g., pagsumikapan).

Payak

A simple word form consisting only of the root word without affixes or repetition.

Inuulit

A word structure where the entire word or one or more syllables are repeated (e.g., araw-araw).

Tambalan

A compound word formed by combining two different words.

Pangngalan

A noun; a part of speech used to name a person, animal, thing, place, quality, or event.

Panghalip

A pronoun; a word used as a substitute or replacement for a noun.

Pandiwa

A verb; a word that expresses an action or gives life to a group of words.

Pang-uri

An adjective; a word that describes or modifies a noun or a pronoun.

Pang-abay

An adverb; a word that describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Pantangi

A proper noun; a specific name for a person, place, or thing that always begins with a capital letter.

Pambalana

A common noun; a general name for a category of person, thing, animal, place, or idea.

Tahas

A concrete noun; refers to things that can be perceived by the five senses, such as physical objects.

Basal

An abstract noun; refers to ideas, feelings, or qualities that cannot be touched or seen (e.g., truth, happiness).

Pang-ukol

A preposition; a word that connects a noun, pronoun, verb, or adverb to other words in a sentence.

Patakaran

Cardinal numbers; used for standard counting (e.g., isa, dalawa, tatlo).

Panunuran

Ordinal numbers; indicates the order or sequence (e.g., una, ikalawa, ika-9).

Pamahagi

Fractional numbers; used to divide a whole into parts (e.g., kalahati, sangkatlo).

Palansak

Collective numbers; refers to groupings or sets (e.g., libo-libo).

Patakda

Fixed numbers; refers to a specific, unchangeable amount (e.g., iisa, dadalawa).

Pahalaga

A type of numeral that expresses a monetary value or amount (e.g., dalawang piso).

Artikulo XIV, Seksyon 6

The specific section of the 1987 Constitution stating that the national language of the Philippines is Filipino.

Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino

Established by Republic Act No. $7104$ on August 14, 1991, to develop and preserve Filipino and other Philippine languages.

Baybayin

The ancient Filipino writing system consisting of $17$ symbols: $3$ vowels and $14$ consonants.

Abecedario

The alphabet used during the Spanish period, consisting of $30$ letters pronounced in Spanish.

Abakada

An alphabet consisting of $20$ letters ($5$ vowels and $15$ consonants).

Makabagong Alpabeto

The modern Filipino alphabet consisting of $28$ letters, including $8$ borrowed letters: C, F, J, Ñ, Q, V, X, and Z.

Manuel L. Quezon

The individual recognized as the Father of the National Language (Ama ng Wikang Pambansa).

Proklamasyon Blg. 1041

The 1996 proclamation by President Fidel V. Ramos declaring August as the Month of the National Language (Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa).

Teoryang Pooh-pooh

The theory that language originated from the expression of strong human emotions.

Teoryang Tarara-Boom-De-Ay

The theory that language originated from ancient rituals.

Arbitraryo

A characteristic of language meaning it is agreed upon by the members of the culture or society that uses it.

Dinamiko

A characteristic of language showing that it constantly changes over time.

Tuldok

A period; the punctuation used to end a declarative sentence or one providing information.

Panipi

Quotation marks; used to indicate direct speech or a person's exact words.

Tuldukuwit

A semicolon; the punctuation mark used to separate clauses (sugnay).

Ellipsis

A series of three dots used to indicate that certain parts of a quoted text have been omitted.