Medical terminology Finals

Necrosis

Death of tissue

Hypertrophy

Increase in cell size

Atrophy

Decrease in the size/volume

Atonic muscles

Absence of muscle tone

ROM

Range of motion

Normotension

Normal blood pressure reading

Hypertension

Above the normal blood pressure

Hypotension

Below the normal blood pressure

Tachycardia

Above the normal pulse rate

Bradycardia

Below the normal pulse rate

Bruit

A sound heard over an artery or vascular channel, reflecting turbulence of flow

Heave

Strong outward thrust of the chest walls during systole along left sternal border (RVH)

Murmur

Openings are narrowed, increased velocity of blood flow, audible vibration

Thrill

Palpable vibration over the precordium; vibrations of loud cardiac murmurs

Lift or heaves

Visible vibration over the precordium; forceful cardiac contractions

Pulsations

Visible vibrations, may indicate increased blood volume or pressure

Cardiomegaly

Enlargement of the heart

Aneurysm

Abnormal dilation of the blood vessel

Stenosis

Narrowing or constriction of the diameter of an artery

Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel

Arteriosclerosis

Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls causing insufficient blood flow

Eupnea

Normal respiratory rate

Tachypnea

Above the normal respiratory rate

Bradypnea

Below the normal respiratory rate

Apnea

Cessation of breathing

Dyspnea

Difficulty of breathing

Hypoxia

Decreased oxygen in the tissues/brain

Hypoxemia

Decreased oxygen in the blood

Hemoptysis

Coughing out of blood

KUSSMAUL's breathing

Deep, rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic or other causes of acidosis

Acetone breath odor

Fruity odor in diabetic ketoacidosis

Ammonia odor

Urine-like/fishy odor in chronic kidney failure

Rhinorrhea

Free discharge of thin nasal mucus

Hypercapnia

Increased carbon dioxide level in the blood

Pursed lip breathing

Slow inhalation through nose, prolonged exhalation through pursed lips

Barrel chest

Increased AP chest diameter, ribs horizontal >45°

Pectus excavatum

Funnel-shaped chest, depressed sternum

Pectus carinatum

Pigeon chest, anteriorly displaced sternum

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in the lungs

Pleural effusion

Accumulation of fluids in the lungs

Pneumonia

Consolidation of lung tissues, bacterial/viral infection

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

Euthermia

Normal temperature

Hyperthermia

Above the normal temperature

Pyrexia

Above the normal temperature

Hyperpyrexia

High temperature reading of 41 C and above

Hypothermia

Below the normal temperature

Erythema

Redness associated with skin rashes

Pallor

Paleness of skin/mucosae

Jaundice

Yellow discoloration of skin/eyes due to liver disease

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of skin/mucous membranes

Hemochromatosis

Gray-brown discoloration of skin

Vitiligo

Patches of hypopigmented skin

Albinism

Generalized lack of pigmentation

Alopecia

Hair loss/thinning

Hirsutism

Excessive hair growth

Hyperhidrosis

Excessive perspiration

Bromhidrosis

Foul-smelling perspiration

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating

Petechiae

Pinpoint red spots

Koilonychia

Spoon-shaped fingernails

Clubbing of fingers

Nails angle ≥180°

Onycholysis

Separation of nail from nailbed

Beau's lines

Transverse ridges, nail growth halt

Leukonychia

White nails

Unguis incarnatus

Ingrown nail

Tinea pedis

Athlete's foot

Tinea corporis

Ringworm anywhere on body

Cheilosis

Cracking of lips

Pediculosis capitis

Head lice

Decubitus ulcer

Bed sore due to immobility

Macule

Flat nonpalpable lesion <1cm

Patch

Flat nonpalpable lesion >1cm

Papule

Raised superficial lesion <1cm

Wheal

Raised superficial temporary lesion

Nodule

Solid lesion <2cm into dermis (fluid-filled = cyst)

Tumor

Solid lesion >2cm into dermis

Vesicle

Fluid-filled serous lesion <1cm

Bullae

Fluid-filled serous lesion >1cm

Pustule

Pus-filled lesion

Urticaria

Hives

Borborygmi

Hyperactive bowel sounds, loud rushing

Flatulence

Excessive gas in intestines

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood

Hematochezia

Passage of fresh blood

Melena

Passage of black tarry stool

Steatorrhea

Fat in stool

Acholic stool

Clay-colored stool

Anorexia

Loss of appetite

Ascites

Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

Hepatomegaly

Enlargement of the liver

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen

Dysuria

Painful urination

Nocturia

Increased urination at night

Polyuria

2500ml/day or >100cc/hr

Oliguria

Anuria

Hematuria

Blood in urine

Pyuria

Pus in urine

Glycosuria

Glucose in urine