earth and space science

What force is a galaxy held together by

Gravity

Proof of the big bang

Background radiation

Most common element (makes up stars)

Hydrogen

68% of the galaxy is…

Dark energy

27% of the universe is….

Dark matter

The big bang nucleosynthesis means

creating elements during the big bang

What elements were made during the big bang

Hydrogen, helium, deuterium

Why couldn’t other elements form during the big bang

It was too hot and they had to wait for the epoch of recombination

Theory of relativity

Energy can become matter, and matter can become energy

What two things fuse together to make 1 helium

2 hydrogen

What are the characteristics of the inside of a star

High temp, high pressure

What color stars are the hottest

Blue

A nebula is pulled together by gravity to make

A protostar

When does star actually become a star

When nuclear fusion begins

How is energy brought to the surface of the star

Through convection currents (due to gravity)

What is different rotation mean

Parts of the sun rotate faster than others

Magnetic storms on the suns surface are called

Sun spots

What do sun spots cause

Solar flares and CMES

Places where sunlight is absorbed are

Dark and rough

Places where sunlight is reflected are

Light and smooth

What is the major axis

The longest line you can draw across an ellipse

Perihelion is where the sun is moving the

Fastest

Aphelion is where the sun moves the

Slowest

What two things keep a planet in orbit

Inertia and Gravity

Keplers first law

All orbits are elliptical

Keplers second law

Orbit speed increases when the object is closer to the sun

Keplers third law

As you get farther from the sun, the revolution increases

What two things effect gravity

Mass and distance

Strongest gravitational pulls are seen when

The objects are bigger and closer together

Earths tilt

23 ½

We are farthest from the sun in

Summer

We are closest from the sun in

Winter

Why is the sun hotter in the summer

Higher angle of insolation, longer duration of insolation

What does the word equinox mean

Equal night

What motion makes the sun apparently move across the sky

Rotation

The Tropic of Cancer

23.5 N during summer

The Tropic of Capricorn

23.5 S winter

How many days for the moon to go around the earth

27.3

How many days to start the cycle all over again

29.5

Total eclipse

Annular

Partical

Umbra

Shadow

Penumbra

partial shadow

Spring tides happen when

The moon sun and earth are in a straight line

Highest high tides

Spring tides

Neap tides

During 3rd and 1st quarter

Molecular cloud

Collection of dust and elements in space

Solar nebula

When the molecular cloud flatten and spins to form that

Accretion

When chunks of rocks fuse into planets

Differentiation

The stage that made the layers of the earth based on density

Why are CO2 and water vapor called greenhouse gases

They are good absorbers of infrared radiation

An arid climate has an annual precipitation that is

Less than annual potential of evaporation

Other than ocean currents how do things circulate

Prevailing winds