Social studies final - chapters 14,15,16,17

Nat Turner

Turner's rebellion spread fear in the South and new, harsher slave codes were passed.

Spirituals

Enslaved people expressed their religious beliefs through these religious folk songs.

Samuel F. B. Morse

He invented the telegraph, a machine that sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire.

Prejudice

a negative opinion that is not based on facts.

Second Great Awakening

The renewal of religious faith during in the 1790s and early 1800s. Revivalist preachers said that anyone could choose salvation. This appealed to equality-loving Americans.

Temperance Movement:

Led by churches, this campaign sought to end the drinking of alcohol. Heavy drinking was a common problem in the 1800s,and many workers spent a lot of their wages on drinking.

Labor Unions

Workers began to demand better, safer working conditions such as higher wages, shorter work days, and safer working conditions. A group of workers banding together to seek better conditions.

Abolitionist

Somebody who participated in the movement and fight to end slavery.

William Lloyd Garrison

abolitionist; some of his most influential work was the Liberator which was an anti -slavery newspaper he published.

Fredrick Douglas

abolitionist; Born a slave upon freedom he becomes one of the most influential authors and speakers against slavery.

Sojourner Truth

Born a slave in Ulster County, NY, she spoke for abolition and attracted huge crowds throughout the North.

Underground Railroad

secret network of escape routes slaves used to escape the south and enter free states and/or Canada. Many people risked their lives and freedom in order to assist the people traveling along these routes.

Harriet Tubman

leading Abolitionist and one of the most famous female conductors on the Underground Railroad. She made an estimated 19 trips to help guide hundreds of people to safety.

Seneca Falls Convention

first convention for women's rights and a springboard for the women's rights movement.

Wilmot Proviso

Tensions over the slave issue increased again after the War with Mexico. It proposed to outlaw slavery in all lands acquired from Mexico. Slaveholders objected, saying that slaves were property and therefore were protected under the Constitution (Equal protection of property).Southerners claimed the bill was unconstitutional. It never became law.

Dred Scott Decision

The Supreme Court ruled that Scott was not a U.S. citizen (they were property) and therefore could not sue in U.S. Courts. The decision refused to grant freedom to a slave who had lived on free soil. The court ruled that slavery could not be banned in any territory because that would violate a person's property rights that were guaranteed under the Fifth Amendment.

Kansas Nebraska Act

let people of territories decide for themselves if they should be free state or slave state (popular sovereignty); did away with the Missouri compromise; the tensions and violence that occurred resulted in the nickname bleeding Kansas; two competing governments existed in Kansas; events contributed to the buildup of the Civil War.

Popular Sovereignty

the concept that political power rests with the people and that the people will make decisions and participate in the political process by exercising their right to vote

Lincoln Douglas Debates:

Stephen Douglas (Democrat) and Abe Lincoln (Republican) ran against each other for Senate. Lincoln said slavery was the national governments responsibility (he was opposed to slavery spreading but at this point accepted slavery where it existed); Douglas favored popular sovereignty which ended up contributing to his defeat in the Presidential election of 1860.

Secession

Fearing that Lincoln was going to ban slavery in the entire Union, southern states planned to leave the Union (secede) if Lincoln was elected. They argued that the states could do this because of state's rights. Since states had voluntarily agreed to join the union they could make the decision to leave the union.

John Brown

an abolitionist who among many things led the attack on Harpers Ferry (hoping to inspire slaves to revolt) that added fuel to Southern fear of a slave rebellion and as a result helped contribute to the Civil War.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. behind that scenes look that gave insight what slavery was really like (southerners thought the descriptions were unfair); as a result of this new understanding of slavery this book helped contribute to Civil War.

Confederate States of America

the name the states who seceded gave themselves upon forming their new country

Fort Sumter

Marked the beginning of the Civil War. Jefferson Davis ordered the military fort to be attacked before a supply ship could arrive. The confederate's attacked the fort because Union forces still occupied there and refused to leave.

Urbanization

large increase in amount of people moving to cities. Happened during the industrialization of America

Union Advantages for civil war

more people 3:1, more manufacturing, more transportation- railroads, stronger economy, larger Navy

Confederate Advantages for civil war

better military leaders, food production, fighting war on own land, more motivation because they were protecting their own land

Emancipation Proclamation

President Abraham Lincoln issued it during the Civil War as a war strategy.

It declared that enslaved people in Confederate states that had seceded(left) from the Union were free.

Lincoln hoped this would weaken the South by taking away its labor force.

It also broadened war goals/changed the purpose of the war. The Union was no longer fighting only to keep the country together—it was also fighting to help end slavery.

what secession led to the civil war

The secession of the southern states from the union and formed the Confederacy. They left mainly because of disagreements over slavery and states' rights.

Gettysburg

A place that was considered a turning point in the Civil War. Was a major victory for the Union , was fought in Pennsylvania in July 1863 and lasted 3 days. It is considered the turning point of the Civil War because it stopped the Confederate invasion of the North and helped the Union gain momentum toward winning the war.

Total war

This strategy during war destroys not just the enemy's army, but also its land and people. During the Civil War, General Sherman used this strategy by destroying railroads, crops, and supplies and created total destruction in the South to help the Union win and deplete the confederacy's will to keep fighting.

what contributed to the rapid growth of urbanization

A large in increase in the number of immigrants coming to America and the industrialization of America

events that contributed to the buildup of the Civil War

the book Uncle Toms cabin, secession of southern states from the union, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Lincoln being elected, attack on Harpers Ferry, Dred Scott decision