pneumonia (PNA)

patho for pneumonia

infection of lower respiratory tract cased by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites

risk factors for PNA

impaired swallowing (aspiration)

immunodeficiency

underlying consciousness

smoking

viral pneumonia

usually mild, self limiting

can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia

normal wbc

no productive cough

low grade fever

no antibiotics

examples of viral pneumonia

influenza, parainfluenza, RSV respiratory syncytial virus

bacterial pneumonia

more common than viral

high fever

productive cough

elevated wbc

yes antiobiotics

examples of bacterial pneumonia

strep, legionella pneumophilia

fungal pneumonia

caused by yeast like fungus

opportunistic infection (only gets immunodeficients sicks)

can be life threatening)

fungal pneumonia diagnosis

sputum culture

who does fungal pneumonia commonly effect

children

elderly

immunocompromised clients (AIDS, cancer, chronic conditions)

other causes of pneumonia include

injurious agents or events

• aspirations of gastric secretions

• pulm secretion stasis

• endotracheal tubes ad ventilators

• smoke

aspiration pneumonia causes

impaired gag reflex

inappropriate gastric tube placement (in wrong place-lung)

lobar pneumonia

confined to a single lobe

sudden and acute

bronchopneumonia

small, patchy pneumonia throughout several lobes

interstitial pneumonia or atypical

interstitial areas the alveoli (not inside)

nosocomial pneumonia

hospital acquired

develops more than 48 hours after

community acquired pneumonia

acquired outside the hospital or healthcare setting

manifestations

fatigue

pleuritic pain

dyspnea

fever and chills

treatment

o2 therapy

antibiotics

turning patients so mucus doesn’t setle

sx management