Chapter 11 - Rise of the Tetrapods

What era do the oldest tetrapod fossils date back to?

Devonian

What lobe-finned fish contained limb-like features and aquatic features?

Tiktaalik

What are the 3 clades of amphibians?

Vrodela, Anura, Apoda

What animals are in the clade Vrodela?

Salamanders

What animals are in the Clade Anura?

Frogs + toads

What animals are in the Cade Apoda?

Caecilians (worms with a backbone)

What classifies Amniotes?

Have amniotic eggs

What are the 4 extra embryonic membranes?

Amnion, chorion, yolk sac and allantois

What characteristics classify a reptile?

Scales + laying eggs on LAND

What era are the oldest fossils found of reptiles?

Carboniferous

What are ectothermic reptiles?

Absorb sunlight for warmth

What are endothermic reptiles? Example?

Keep their body warm via metabolism

Ex. Birds

What distincts the lizard-like reptile lineage of lepidosaurs? What is the species called?

A 3rd eye on the species tuatara

What animals are squamates?

Lizards + snakes

What lineage to alligators and crocs come from? What era does it originate from?

Archosaur lineage from the Triassic

What other animal is from the archosaur lineage?

Birds

What is the oldest bird?

Archaeopteryx

What is the Order of the most diverse group of living birds?

Passeriformes (songbirds)

What and mammals evolve from?

Synapsids

What are the 3 mammal linneages?

Monotremes, marsupials + eutharians

Who are the monotremes? Example?

Egg-laying mammals

Ex. Platypus and echidnas

Who are marsupials? Example?

Complete their development in mother's pouch

Ex. Kangaroos, koalas, Tasmanian devils etc.

Who are eutherians? Example?

Complete development in uterus while attached to a placenta.

Ex. Humans, Cats, Cows, Etc.

When did humans diverge from apes ?

Miocene

What ape is our closest relative?

Hominins

What are the earliest fossils of the genus homo?

Homo habilis

What were the first homos to leave Africa + become extinct?

Homo erectus

What is reciprocal selection?

2 species that interact and impose pressures on eachother that lead to evolutionary changes