Organs and Body Cavities

What is the definition of Anatomy

The study of the Structure of the body parts

Eg. Anatomy describes what the heart looks like, the size and its location.

What is the definition of Physiology

The study of the Function of the body parts

Eg. Physiology describes how the heart pumps blood and why the pumping of blood is essential for life

What is the Body’s level of Organisation

1. Chemical level: Tiny Atoms form molecules, these in turn from Larger Molecules.

2. Cellular level: Larger Molecules are eventually organised into cells, these basic unit of life.

3. Tissues level: Specialised group of cells with similar structures and functions form Tissues.

4. Organs: Tissues from larger functional and structural units known as Organs such as heart, stomach and kidneys.

5. Systems: More than one organ is needed to perform a function. Group of organs create Organ System.

6. Human Organisms: All organ system work together to form the functioning Human Organisms.

What are the major structures and functions of Integumentary system.

Major Structure: Skin, Hair and Nails

Functions: Protection, Thermoregulation, Sensory perception

What are the major structures and functions of Skeletal system.

• Major structures: Bones, Joints, Cartilage

• Functions:

• Skeleton protects and supports body organ

• Bone marrow produces blood cells

What are the major structures and functions of Msuclar system.

Major Structures:

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Functions:

Movement of skeleton

Enable heart to pump blood

Move blood through blood vessels

What are the major structures and functions of Nervous system.

Major Structures: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves

Functions: Sensory nerves receive stimuli and direct to spinal cord and brain

What are the major structures and functions of Cardiovascular system.

Major Structures: Blood, Heart, Lungs

Functions: Pumps (Heart) and transport (Blood Vessels) blood throughout the body.

What are the major structures and functions of Lymphatic system.

Major Structures: Lymph nodes, Lymphatic vessels, Lymph, Lymphatic organs

Functions: Defend body against pathogens

What are the major structures and functions of Endocrine system.

Major Structures: Adrenal glands, Gonads, Pancreas, Parathyroid, Pineal, Pituitary, Thymus and Thyroid

Functions: Secrete hormones and chemical substances that regulate body activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance

What are the major structures and functions of Digestive system.

• Major Structures:

• Alimentary canal

• Accessory organs (eg. Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas)

• Functions:

• Ingest food and break it down into substances that can be absorbed by the body

• Food that is not absorbed is eliminated as waste

What are the major structures and functions of Respiratory system.

• Major Structures: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli, Lungs

• Functions:

• Oxygen moves into lungs; the oxygen is picked up by the blood and distributes throughout the body

• Carbon dioxide moves out of the lungs, removing waste from the body

• Regulate acid - base balance

What are the major structures and functions of Urinary system.

• Major Structures: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

• Functions:

• Helps excrete waste products from the body through urine

• Controls Water, Electrolyte, and Acid - base balance

What are the major structures and functions of Reproductive system.

Major Structures: Ovaries and Testes

Functions: Enable humans to reproduce

What are Body Cavities.

Compartments that contain many organs

Functions: Protect internal organs

Contains 2 main cavities which are Dorsal and Ventral.

What does Dorsal Cavity consist of

Cranial Cavity

Spinal Cavity

What is Cranial Cavity.

Formed by the skull

Contains the brain

What is Spinal Cavity.

Formed by the backbone (spine)

Contains the Spinal Cord

What are the 2 Ventral Cavity it consist of.

Thoracic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

Also includes the Pelvic Cavity (subdivision of the abdominal cavity)

What is Thoracic Cavity.

• Space in the Upper Trunk.

• Divided by the diaphragm from the abdominal cavity.

• Contains the Heart and Lungs.

What is Abdominal Cavity.

Space in the middle trunk

Contains the Stomach, Liver and Intestines

What is Pelvic Cavity.

• Space in the Lower Trunk

• Contains the Urinary Bladder and Reproductive Organs:

• Female reproductive organs:

• Ovaries, Uterine tubes, Uterus and Vagina

• Male reproductive organs:

• Prostate gland, Seminal vesicles and Vas Deferens