Muscular system- Notes 1

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Last updated 4:45 PM on 4/8/26
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31 Terms

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Smooth muscle characteristics

No striations

Spindle shaped

Single nucleus

Involuntary

Found in walls of hollow organs

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Cardiac muscle characteristics

Has striations

Single nucleus

Involuntary

Found only in the heart

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Skeletal muscle characteristics

Attached to bones by tendons

Cells are multinucleate

Striated

Voluntary

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Sarcolemma

muscle cell membrane

<p>muscle cell membrane</p>
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Fascicle

bundle of muscle fibers (cells)

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Perimysium

membrane surrounding a fascicle

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Sarcomere

Contractile unit of muscle fiber

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Thick filaments

made of myosin

show up as dark (A) lines in the fiber

<p>made of myosin</p><p>show up as dark (A) lines in the fiber</p>
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Thin filaments

made up of actin

show up as light (I) lines in the fiber

<p>made up of actin</p><p>show up as light (I) lines in the fiber</p>
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motor unit

one neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates

<p>one neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates</p>
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neuromuscular junction

where the nerve and the sarcolemma meet

<p>where the nerve and the sarcolemma meet</p>
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Acetylcholine (ACh)

the neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle

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Function of muscles

produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat

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Isotonic contractions

the muscle shortens and movement occurs

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Isometric contractions

Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle stays the same length

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Muscle tone

Estate of partial contraction

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effects of exercise on skeletal muscle

Increased size

Increased strength

Increased endurance

Muscles become more prominent

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Flexion

shortening of muscle

<p>shortening of muscle</p>
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Extension

lengthening; unbending a joint

<p>lengthening; unbending a joint</p>
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Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

<p>Movement away from the midline of the body</p>
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Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

<p>Movement toward the midline of the body</p>
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Rotation

circular movement around an axis

<p>circular movement around an axis</p>
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Circumduction

circular movement of a limb at the far end

<p>circular movement of a limb at the far end</p>
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Pronation

turning the palm downward

<p>turning the palm downward</p>
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Dorsiflexion

Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot

<p>Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot</p>
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Plantar flexion

pointing toes

<p>pointing toes</p>
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Sprain

injury to a ligament

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Strain

A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon

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Treatment for sprains/strains

RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

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Muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness.

Fat and connective tissue are stored in muscle tissue.

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Myasthenia gravis

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles