General A&P: Unit 16 - Urinary System

general functions of urinary system

eliminates waste, maintains blood pH, maintains blood volume (bp), and maintains electrolytes

organs of the urinary system

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

location of kidneys

T12-L3

retroperitoneal

lie behind parietal peritoneum of abd. cavity

cortex

name this structure

medulla

name this structure

pyramids

name this structure

renal columns

name this structure

papillae; extension of cortex

name this structure

calyces (major and minor)

name this structure(s)

renal pelvis

name this structure

nephron

functional unit of kidney; 1 million per kidney

renal corpuscle - consists of glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

renal tubule - Proximal convoluted tube (PCT), Loop of Henle (ascending/descending limbs), Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

glomerulus

renal corpuscle - capillary for filtration only

bowman’s capsule

renal corpuscle - collects filtrate

urine

end of collecting duct

filtration

filtering of substances from glomerulus to bowman’s capsule (non-selective)

reabsorption

movement of substances from tubule back to the blood

secretion

movement of substances from blood to tubules

kidney filtration and secretion

removing metabolic wastes (urea, uric acid, creatinine)

kidney control the rate of RBC production (stimulus for release is hypoxia)

release of EPO

kidney regulate blood pressure

release of renin (initiates the renin-angiotensin (II) system which stimulates the release of aldosterone- retain more sodium into blood

kidney regulate calcium reabsorption

in the presence of PTH, kidneys conserve more calcium

kidney regulate blood volume and urine output

through the effects of ADH and aldosterone

composition of urine

water, electrolytes, wastes, simple cuboidal & transitional epith.

abnormal urine concentration

RBCs, WBCs, proteins, glucose, ketones

transport of urine

(collecting duct); minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter; bladder; urethra

ureters

3 layers: mucous coat (inner), muscular (for peristalsis), fibrous (outer)

bladder

male: above prostate gland

female: below uterus

4 layers: mucous coat, submucous coat, muscular coat, serous coat

trigone (bladder)

3 openings; 2 ureters, urethra

urethra

male: prostatic, intermediate (membranous), spongy (penile)

cytitis

inflammation of bladder; more common in women because they have a shorter urethra; the bacteria do not have as far to travel before overgrowing m

micturition

urinate; reflex center is in sacral spinal cord