Botany and Plant Biology Review

A collection of key concepts and definitions related to botany and plant biology for exam preparation.

What are the key physiological processes involved in plant growth and energy production?

Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

What is photosynthesis?

The process of transforming light, water, and carbon dioxide into ATP and sugars as food for the growing plant.

What is respiration in plants?

The breaking down of sugars to release energy for growth and repair.

What is transpiration?

The transportation of water and nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

What are some adaptations of plants for drought conditions?

Deeper root systems, waxy coatings, and smaller leaves.

What are cold-tolerant plant adaptations?

Anti-freeze proteins, dormancy, and cold-hardy structures.

Why is plant classification important?

It helps understand plant selection for specific environments in horticulture and conservation.

What are the stages of plant reproduction?

Germination, flowering, pollination, fertilisation, and seed production.

What is the role of roots in plants?

Anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients.

What do stems do in plants?

Transport water, nutrients, and sugars between roots and leaves, providing structural support.

What is the function of leaves in plants?

The site of photosynthesis and gas exchange.

What is the definition of botany?

The scientific study of plants, focusing on their structure, function, classification, and their relationship with the environment.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.

What occurs during cellular respiration in plants?

Glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release energy.

What is soil pH and its importance?

A measure of acidity or alkalinity, influencing nutrient availability and overall plant health.

What are the different types of soil and their characteristics?

Sandy, clay, silt, and loamy soils, each with its benefits and challenges.

What is the importance of organic matter in soil?

It improves soil structure, fertility, and supports microbial activity.

What is crop rotation?

Alternating different plant species to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest build-up.

What do cover crops do?

Protect and improve soil while reducing erosion and weed pressure.

What are drought-resistant adaptations in plants?

Deep root systems, reduced leaf size, and waxy coatings to conserve water.

What is the impact of temperature on plant growth?

It affects physiological processes, including germination, flowering, and overall plant health.