Memory revision Yr 9 GCSE

Encoding (Memory Process)

The process of converting sensory input into a form that the brain can process and store.

Storage (Memory Process)

The retention of encoded information over time within sensory, short-term, or long-term memory.

Retrieval (Memory Process)

The process of locating and recovering stored information from memory when needed.

Visual Encoding

The processing and encoding of visual images, structural appearances, and spatial information.

Acoustic Encoding

The processing and encoding of sounds, speech, and auditory patterns.

Semantic Encoding

The processing and encoding of deep meaning, concepts, and relationships between ideas.

Episodic Memory

A form of explicit long-term memory for personal life events, experiences, and specific time-based occurrences.

Semantic Memory

A form of explicit long-term memory for general facts, objective knowledge, concepts, and vocabulary.

Procedural Memory

A form of implicit long-term memory for motor skills, physical habits, and action sequences.

Multi-Store Model of Memory

A structural theory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin stating that memory flows sequentially through three distinct stores: Sensory Register, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory.

Sensory Register

The initial store in the Multi-Store Model that briefly holds high volumes of sensory input for less than a second before fading or transferring to Short-Term Memory.

Short-Term Memory (STM)

A temporary store in the Multi-Store Model with a limited capacity of $7 \pm 2$ items and a duration of approximately $18$ to $30$ seconds.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A permanent or semi-permanent store in the Multi-Store Model with unlimited capacity and duration, encoded primarily by meaning.

Reconstructive Memory

Bartlett's theory that memory is an active process of rebuilding past events using stored details, expectations, and personal schemas rather than an exact recording.

Schema (Psychology)

A mental framework of knowledge and expectations derived from past experiences that helps organize incoming information.