Colonial Foundations and the Road to Independence

These flashcards cover European colonization in North America, including motivations for migration, geographic factors, interactions and conflicts with Native Americans, and key founding documents leading to independence.

When did the period of Colonial Foundations occur in North America?

1607-1763

How long was the typical voyage for early English immigrants crossing the Atlantic?

Six to 12 weeks

What were the primary motivations for most European emigrants to leave their homelands?

To escape political oppression, seek religious freedom, or find adventure and opportunities denied at home.

What economic change in England led to land enclosure and the displacement of peasants?

The Industrial Revolution's burgeoning textile industry, which demanded an ever-increasing supply of wool.

Which native plants did friendly Indians teach the early settlers to grow?

Pumpkin, squash, beans, and corn

How many kilometers did the virgin forests extend along the Eastern seaboard?

$$2,100\,\text{kilometers}$$

Which two coastal areas lacked natural harbors for ocean-going vessels?

North Carolina and southern New Jersey

Which specific river offered a water passage to the Great Lakes and was dominated by the French?

The St. Lawrence

What geographic barriers discouraged early colonial settlement beyond the coastal plain?

Dense forests, Indian resistance, and the formidable barrier of the Appalachian Mountains.

When did King Philip’s War take place?

1675-1676

In what year did the first major conflict between Native American Indians and English settlers occur?

1622

When was the Pequot War fought?

1636

Who was Metacom?

A Native American leader, also known as King Philip, who came to distrust the English settlers in New England.

To whom did Chief Powhatan deliver a speech in 1607 regarding the importance of friendly trade over war?

John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia

What was the date and location of the signing of the Mayflower Compact?

November 11, 1620, at Cape Cod

What was the primary purpose of the Mayflower Compact?

To combine into a civil Body Politick to enact just and equal laws for the general good of the colony.

According to the principles of mercantilism, why do colonies exist?

For the benefit of the "Mother" Country

When was the first enslaved person from Africa brought to the Virginia colony?

1619

What was a major economic consequence for Britain following the French and Indian War?

Britain had a debt to pay off.

Which phrase represented the core ideas of the Stamp Act Congress?

"No taxation without representation"

Who wrote "Common Sense" and what was its goal?

Thomas Paine; to persuade the colonists and the British to support American Independence.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

According to the Declaration of Independence, what are the three unalienable Rights endowed by the Creator?

Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness