control of breathing

this is what controls your breathing

• has 2 parts- medulla oblongata and pons

brain stem

this is referred to as the respiratory center

• special group of neurons

medulla oblongata

what are the 2 parts of the respiratory center

1. dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

2. ventral respiratory group (VRG)

this part of the respiratory center is active during resting and forced breathing

dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

this part of the respiratory center is only active during forced breathing (physical labor)

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

this sends messages to the medulla oblongata to control rate and depth of breathing

• contains pneumotaxic center (air movement)

pons

these are what to the medulla and pons to speed up or slow down

chemoreceptors

the more acidic blood gets, the _ oxygen it can carry

less

blood gets acidic when _ builds up in blood

CO2

• CO2 in blood gets converted to carbonic acid, then back to CO2 by lungs to be exhaled

moving too much air in and out of lungs

• lose too much CO2

• panic attack

hyperventilation

this happens when blood pH gets too high

• blood becomes too alkaline

• light headed, fainting

respiratory alkalosis

how do you treat respiratory alkalosis

breath into a paper bag

• rebreathe the same air because its more saturated with CO2

moving too little air

• retain too much CO2 becuase your not breathing enough

  • decreases blood pH

hypoventilation

this happens when blood gets too acidic

• cause: holding your breath

respiratory acidosis

what treatment is used for respiratory acidosis

give oxygen

the brainstem is affected by all the same things as residual volumes and (4)

1. chemicals

2. inflation/ deflation of lungs

3. emotional state

4. body temp

air moves from _ pressure to

high pressure to low pressure

air pressure around us in the atmosphere

• can’t change this

atmospheric pressure

air pressure inside the lungs and alveoli

• CAN change this

intrapulmonary/ intra-alveolar pressure

pressure and _ are inversely proportional

volume

can you change alveoli volume

no- becuase the alveoli must stay open

how can you change lung volume

by changing thoracic volume (by using skeletal muscles)

when thoracic volume increases, your lung volume increases

• when thorax expands, lungs expand too

compliance

when thorax volume decreases, lung volume decreases

recoil