L 17 Hematologic Malignancies Lecture

These flashcards cover the key concepts, definitions, and clinical aspects of hematologic malignancies based on the provided lecture notes.

What are the two types of acute leukemia?

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

What is a hallmark laboratory finding in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?

Pancytopenia with circulating blast cells.

What is the median age at diagnosis for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?

60 years.

What are common clinical presentations associated with cytopenia in Acute Leukemia?

Fatigue and dyspnea due to anemia; fever and infections due to leukopenia; bleeding due to thrombocytopenia.

What is the significance of the Philadelphia chromosome in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

It results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and causes abnormal cell proliferation of granulocytes.

What is the first-line treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Imatinib.

What defines a complete remission in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) after induction therapy?

Less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow.

What is a major prognostic factor for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?

Flow cytometry showing lymphoblasts.

What distinguishes Hodgkin Lymphoma from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma.

What is the common treatment approach for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Combination chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies like Rituximab.

What kind of anemia is commonly associated with Multiple Myeloma?

Anemia secondary to abnormal plasma cells.

What does the presence of Bence Jones protein indicate?

It indicates renal involvement in Multiple Myeloma.

What are common risk factors for developing lymphomas?

Viral infections (like EBV), bacterial infections (H. pylori), autoimmune disorders, and immunosuppression.

What is the primary diagnostic modality for Multiple Myeloma?

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) to identify monoclonal immunoglobulin spikes.

What symptom is characteristic of Polycythemia Vera (PV)?

Pruritus after showering due to basophil histamine release.

What does the treatment for Complications in Multiple Myeloma include?

Aggressive treatment for hypercalcemia and renal insufficiency.

What is the role of stem cell transplantation in hematologic malignancies?

To restore hematopoiesis after high-dose chemotherapy and to control disease in certain patients.

What complication is associated with Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) in bone marrow transplantation?

Infection and potential graft failure.

What laboratory finding is indicative of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?

Increased mature lymphocytes and smudge cells on CBC.