study session 5/1/2026

Which type of enzyme is present in the mouth, stomach and small intestine?

lipase

Which is NOT true of intrinsic factor?

it is secreted in pancreatic juice

The accessory pancreatic duct secretes pancreatic juice and bile into the duodenum

False

In which of the following ways does the adrenal medulla differ from the adrenal cortex?

the medulla is composed of nervous tissue while the cortex is composed of glandular tissue

A patient suffering from a lack of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) would likely exhibit;

the production of large amounts of very dilute urine

Which type of stimulus is typically directly decresed by the action of the hormone secreted

humoral

For the thyroid hormone, what is the role of iodine?

it is part of the mature hormone

Which of the following would be the most direct stimulus for the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

low blood pressure

When the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is low, which organ secretes a hormone which fixes that problem?

The kidneys

In patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus, the primary cause of high blood sugar is:

An deficiency of insulin due to the destruction of beta cells.

When blood glucose levels drop between meals, the pancreas secretes _______, which triggers _________.

Glucagon: the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Why is there no risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn when the mother is RH+?

The mother will not generate antibodies against the fetus’ RBCs

People who have leukemia often experience

all of the above

The hepatic portal vein carries amino acids to the liver

True

Protein in our diet

is a source of amino acids for our bodies to make proteins

Which of the following is NOT involved in the mechanical breakdown activity of the digestive system?

Protease

In the digestive system, where does most digestion occur?

small intestine

Every nephron has a vasa recta associated with it.

False

The filtration membrane is in each of the following EXCEPT the

renal tubule

What blood vessel branches off from the cortical radiate artery?

afferent arteriole

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule consists of

podocytes

What vitamin does the kidney help produce?

D

The kidneys get rid of ________ waste

metabolic

Through which duct does bile leave the gallbladder

cystic duct

Immediately distal to the duodenum in the alimentary canal is the

jejunum

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food is called digestion

False

Which hormone primarily stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?

CCK

Which structure is continuous with the ureter

renal pelvis

Which is one thing that is in blood which does NOT pass through the filtration membrane?

formed elements

Where in the alimentary canal does segmentation occur?

small intestine only

There’s multiple types of protease in the digestive system

True

Which of these is NOT directly attached to the renal corpuscle?

nephron loop

What fluid, produced by the liver, aids in the emulsification of fats in the small intestine?

Bile

How is HCI involved in generation of pepsin

It modifies pepsinogen to a form which is able to generate pepsin from other pepsinogen molecules

The cavity right next to a renal papilla is called a

minor calyx

Between the renal pyramids of the kidney there are

renal columns

The renal pyramids are found in the ________ of the kidney.

medulla

Most absorption from the alimentary canal occurs at the small intestine.

true

Some digestion occurs in the colon

true

The structures that arise from the surface of enterocytes of the small intestine and increase the surface area for absorption are

microvilli

_______ breaks down proteins into ________.

Pepsin; peptides

Bile digests fats

false

Which is NOT true of the vasa recta?

It is what peritubular capillaries feed blood into

Collecting ducts are found in

the renal pyramids

The hepatopancreatic sphincter allows passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

True

The hepatic portal vein delivers _________ from digestive organs to the liver.

lipids

The podocytes are part of the

all of the above

The thin covering on the surface of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Intrinsic factor is necessary for

absorption of vitamin B12.

The nephron consist of

the renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

At the site where the small intestine meets the large intestine, there is the ________ valve

ileocecal

Acid in the stomach is NOT involved in which of the following?

stimulation of intrinsic factor production

Bile is created in the gallbladder

False

Mechanical breakdown occurs in the stomach

True

Pancreatic juice decreases the pH of chyme.

False

Which of the following is a region of the colon?

transverse

The blood vessel taking blood to the whole kidney is the

renal artery.

Which is larger?

afferent arteriole

Which of the following is an example of a hormonal stimulus for hormone secretion?

The release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH from the anterior pituitary

What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?

The hypothalamus synthesizes hormones that are stored in and released by the posterior pituitary

Unlike steroid hormones, most amino acid-based hormones are:

water-soluble and bind to receptors located on the cell surface

Which of the following describes a “tropin”?

A hormone that regulates the secretory activity of another endocrine gland