Infectious Diseases and Related Bacteria

Flashcards covering key bacteria, their diseases, and important characteristics.

S. epidermidis

Known for causing stitch abscess.

S. aureus

Appears in grape-like clusters; associated with food poisoning and shows Nikolsky sign.

S. pyogenes

Causes necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, and presents strawberry tongue.

P. aeruginosa

Causes infections in surgical wounds and respiratory tract; notable for blue-green pus and a sweet odor.

B. anthracis

Spore-forming bacilli that causes anthrax with types including cutaneous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal.

H. pylori

Spiral-shaped bacteria associated with gastritis and ulcers; symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Bordetella pertussis

Causes whooping cough; manifests as a hacking cough followed by an inspiratory whoop.

Salmonella spp.

Causes typhoid fever; transmitted through feces, fomites, flies, fingers, and food.

C. botulinum

Causes botulism; prevention involves proper canning of food.

E. coli

Indicator of fecal contamination of water; most common cause of urinary tract infections.

Vibrio cholerae

Comma-shaped organism that causes cholera; results in rice water stools.

C. difficile

Causes nosocomial diarrhea, usually after antibiotic use.

N. meningitidis

Diplococci associated with meningococcemia and presents with purpuric rash.

C. tetani

Anaerobic bacilli that causes tetanus; hallmark signs include trismus and sardonic smile.

M. tuberculosis

Acid-fast bacilli that causes tuberculosis; symptoms include productive cough and night sweats.

Epstein Barr Virus

Causes infectious mononucleosis, characterized by fever and sore throat.

Syphilis

Caused by Treponema pallidum; presents with chancre sores and flu-like symptoms.

Gonorrhea

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; presents purulent discharge and can lead to ophthalmia neonatorum.

Anti-TB Therapy

Includes R-ifampicin, I-isoniazid, P-pyrazinamide, E-thambutol, S-streptomycin.

AIDS

Caused by HIV; characterized by the binding to CD4+ T cells and associated with Kaposi sarcoma.

Mumps Virus

Causes infectious parotitis which presents with cheek swelling and tenderness.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys and tubules.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder; most common type of urinary tract infection.

Meningoencephalitis

Inflammation of the meninges and the brain.

Otitis Media

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver.

Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

S. saprophyticus

Most common cause of UTI in sexually active young women

C. diphtheriae

Bacilli arranged in L or V shape resembling chinese character; diphteria; pseudo membrane, bull neck appearance

Prevotella Intermedia

Trench mouth/Vincent’s disease; Bad breath

Hemophilus Influenzae

Blood loving organism; Meningitis; Headache, nausea, vomiting

Proteus Mirabilis

Community acquired UTI; Dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency

Respiratory syncytial virus

Bronchiolitis; cough

Adenovirus

Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, common colds pneumonia

Polio virus

Ingestion of contaminated food and water; Polio; Paralysis

Rabies virus

Bullet shaped, found in the saliva of warm blooded animals

Measles virus

Rubeola Virus; Koplik spots; Maculopapular rashes

Rubella

Mild disease but severely affects fetus; German measles; Forchcheimer’s spots; Oval rose red papules

Herpes zoster virus

Chicken pox; Shingles; Varicella: vesicular rashes; Herpes zoster: unilateral blisters

Parvovirus B19

Erythema infectiosum; Slapped cheek; lacy rash; 5th disease

HHV6

Most common cause of febrile seizures; Roseola infantum/6th disease; High grade fever

Hepatitis A

Infectious; Fecal-oral route (w vax)

Hepatitis B

Serum; Blood (w vax)

Hepatitis C

Post transfusion; Blood transfusion (w vax)

Hepatitis D

Delta; Co infection with Hepa B

Hepatitis E

Enteric; Fecal oral route