Portstewart strand psammosere case study AS GEOGRAPHY CCEA
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Last updated 6:18 PM on 5/13/23
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7 Terms
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Location
Portstewart strand
NW of NI
NW of NI
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formation of sand dunes
sand is deposited on the beach by longshore drift. waves and onshore winds carry material above the high tide line where it is trapped by driftwood/seaweed, pioneer species colonise it to form embryo dunes, they stabilise the sand which encourages more deposition and eventually a sand dune forms.
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Embryo dunes with pioneer species
Conditions: low nutrients, lack of humus, saline, alkaline ph8/9 due to shell fragments, rapid drainage makes it dry, exposed to wind.
plants: 80% visible sand, sand couch grass is resistant to salt and stores water in succulent leaves to withstand drought. Its slows the blown sand from the beach which gathers among the pioneers. their roots stabilise the soil.
plants: 80% visible sand, sand couch grass is resistant to salt and stores water in succulent leaves to withstand drought. Its slows the blown sand from the beach which gathers among the pioneers. their roots stabilise the soil.
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Foredune
conditions: arid, rapid percolation by rainwater and exposed to winds.
plants: marram grass has tightly rolled leaves protecting stomata on the base of the leaf from loss of moisture. It also has long rhizome roots which can reach groundwater supplies and stabilise the sand allowing other species to colonise the dunes.
plants: marram grass has tightly rolled leaves protecting stomata on the base of the leaf from loss of moisture. It also has long rhizome roots which can reach groundwater supplies and stabilise the sand allowing other species to colonise the dunes.
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Dune slacks
Conditions: low lying depressions, the environment may be wet or dry, more sheltered and thus provides a habitat for plants and animals. High annual rainfall. Soil beginning to develop.
plants: buttercups, violets and strawberries, in the slacks cover almost complete. Rainfall allows mosses to dominate over marram grass they develop the soil as they retain water better and add more humus.
plants: buttercups, violets and strawberries, in the slacks cover almost complete. Rainfall allows mosses to dominate over marram grass they develop the soil as they retain water better and add more humus.
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grey dunes
conditions: soil less alkaline PH 7.5, more shelter, less saline, thin layer of humus develops as plants die and decay.
plants: cover greater than 90 %, species adapt to aridity by growing in rossettes, dandelions and saw thistles leaves hug the ground creating a microclimate to help themselves retain moisture.
plants: cover greater than 90 %, species adapt to aridity by growing in rossettes, dandelions and saw thistles leaves hug the ground creating a microclimate to help themselves retain moisture.
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dune scrub
climax vegetation would be an oak birch and willow forest.
but…golf course is an example of human interference…removal of vegetation and replacement with grasses. Tourism and recreation is responsible for trampling and pollution. Normans introduced rabbits whose burrows expose soil to wind erosion. so the plagioclimax vegetation consists of sea buckthorn.
but…golf course is an example of human interference…removal of vegetation and replacement with grasses. Tourism and recreation is responsible for trampling and pollution. Normans introduced rabbits whose burrows expose soil to wind erosion. so the plagioclimax vegetation consists of sea buckthorn.