Anatomy and Physiology 1 - Quiz 2

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

• hyaline cartilage

• elastic cartilage

• fibrocartilage

Where is the hyaline cartilage located?

articular surfaces

Where is the hyaline cartilage located?

trachea & larynx

Where is the hyaline cartilage located?

ribs

Where is the hyaline cartilage located?

embryonic skeleton

Where is the hyaline cartilage located?

nose

Where is the elastic cartilage located?

ear & eustachian tubes

Where is the elastic cartilage located?

epiglottis

Where is the fibrocartilage located?

intervertebral discs

Where is the fibrocartilage located?

meniscus of knee

Where is the fibrocartilage located?

pubic symphysis

What types of cartilage does the larynx have?

elastic & hyaline cartilage

List the parts of the osseous tissue bone (osteon)

• central (haversian) canal

• lamellae

• canaliculi

I reside in the center of each osteon and contain the blood vessels that service all the osteocytes of the system. Who am I?

central (haversian) canal

I am the concentric rings of calcified matrix surrounding the central canal. Who am I?

lamellae

I am located between the layers of lamellae, and home to the osteocytes. Who am I?

lacunae

I radiate small channels outward from the central canal to the lacuna. Who am I?

canaliculi

How do we get blood from the central canal to the lacuna?

canaliculi

Horizontal canals in the skeletal tissue that allow blood to enter and leave the bone

perforating (volkmann’s) canal

Outer surface of the skeletal tissue covered with ____, a dense connective tissue. Serves as attachment site for tendons and ligaments.

periosteum

Skeletal tissue fibers that reinforce attachments and hold the periosteum onto the bone

perforating (sharpey’s) fibers

206 bones that supports and protects the body and produces movement, divided into two subdivisions called what?

axial & appendicular skeleton

What attaches the extremities from the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton?

girdling bones

80 bones form this axis comprising of the skull, neck, trunk, ribs & sternum

axial skeleton

Comprise the upper and lower extremities (arms & legs) and the girdling bones

appendicular skeleton

These bones are made up of the pectoral (shoulder), and pelvic (hip) girdles

girdling bones

What are the two categories of bone markings?

• projections

• depressions & openings

What are the types of depressions & openings?

• fossa

• foramen

• meatus

• facet

Extension of a bone away from the bone’s surface

process

Rounded eminence that articulates with a depression or a fossa on another bone

condyle

Raised rounded area located above a condyle

epicondyle

Very large roughened raised area for muscle attachment found on the femur

trochanter

Similar to a trochanter, but smaller (on tibia)

tuberosity

Small rounded eminence

tubercle

Narrow ridge of bone

crest

Sharp slender projection

spine

Rounded enlarged end of a long bone, sit atop a narrow portion of the bone called the neck

head

Shallow depression, usually articulates with a condyle or head of another bone. Sometimes called cavities.

fossa

Hole for passage of nerves, blood vessels, or the spinal cord

foramen

Canal like passageway

meatus

Smooth flat area

facet

We do not attach anything to a ___ . They are made into joint surfaces covered in articular cartilage and articulates with fossa.

condyle

The skull has two sets of bones called?

cranial & facial

• frontal bone

• parietal bone

• temporal bone

• ethmoid bone

• sphenoid bone

• occipital bone
  

All comprise which bone?

cranial bones

• frontal bone

• nasal bones

• lacrimal bones

• maxillae bones

• palatine bones

• zygomatic bone

• ethmoid bone

• vomer

• inferior nasal conchae

• mandible

• hyoid bone

All comprise which bone?

facial bones

• external auditory (acoustic) meatus

• mastoid process

• styloid process

• zygomatic process

• mandibular fossa

Are all located on what bone?

temporal bone

Rounded eminence on inferior surface of temporal bone, posterior to external auditory meatus. Attachment for neck muscles

mastoid process

Ear passageway leading to the eardrum

external auditory (acoustic) meatus

Slender process extending down from bottom of temporal bone. Attachment for neck and throat muscles (breaks easily on models)

styloid process

Process extending forward from temporal bone, part of zygomatic arch

zygomatic process

Oval shaped depression just anterior to external auditory meatus

mandibular fossa

• foramen magnum

• occipital condyles

Are located on what bone?

occipital bone

Passageway for spinal cord. Large hole, inferior surface

foramen magnum

Rounded eminence on each side of foramen magnum, articulates with fossa on the first cervical vertebra called the atlas

occipital condyles

• frontal bone

• temporal bone

• ethmoid bone

• sphenoid bone

• occipital bone

Are located on what bone?

cranium (floor)

Bat shaped bone, contributes to cranial floor, sides of the cranium, and posterior orbit

sphenoid

Central bone of the floor, connects the occipital, ethmoid, frontal and temporal bones, and loaded with all the foramen

sphenoid

Which two foramen are not in the sphenoid?

olfactory & foramen magnum

Small depression in the middle where the pituitary gland resides

sella turcica

Passageway for optic nerves

optic foramena

Forms portion of cranial floor anterior to sphenoid and lateral to ethmoid

frontal bone

Posterior portion of the cranial floor, contains foramen magnum

occipital bone

Forms small portion of anterior cranial floor, roof of the nasal cavity, upper portion of the nasal septum, and part of the medial aspect of the orbit. Two markings

ethmoid bone

Vertical projection where dura mater attaches

crista galli

Lateral to crista galli, numerous holes for passage of olfactory nerves, nasal cavity to brain

cribriform plate

What bone is the cribriform plate located on?

ethmoid bone

What bone is the crista galli plate located on?

ethmoid bone

What bones form the nasal septum?

vomer and ethmoid bone

Horseshoe shaped bone inferior to the mandible. Does not articulate with other bones

hyoid bone

Lower jaw bone. Condyles articulate with mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ (temporomandibular joint). Only articulation (joint) of the skull with a range of motion

mandible

Palatine process; horizontal projections forming anterior two third of the hard palate

maxillae

L-shaped bones whose horizontal portions form the posterior one-third of the hard palate

palatine bones

• centrum (body)

• vertebral foramen

• transverse process

• spinous process

• lamina

• pedicle

• superior and inferior articular facets

Are all what?

features of all vertebra

How do all vertebrae articulate with each other?

superior and inferior articular facets

The load-bearing portion

centrum (body)

The large hole in the center for passage of the spinal cord

vertebral foramen

Lateral projections which serve as attachment sites for muscles

transverse process

Posterior projections, serve as attachment site for muscles

spinous process

Portion between the transverse process and the spinous process

lamina

Portion between the centrum and the transverse process

pedicle

Processes which protrude superiorly and inferiorly to articulate with each other

superior and inferior articular facets

Identifying characteristic found only in cervical vertebra (all of them). It is a hole in the transverse process which allows for passage of blood vessels entering the occipital part of the brain

transverse foramena

Which vertebrae have transverse foramen?

cervical vertebra

Highly specialized vertebrae in your cervical spine (neck) that connect your skull to your spinal column

atlas (C1) and axis (C2) bones

Has two superior articular facets (fossae) to articulate with the condyles of the occipital bone of the skull; allows rocking of head from front to back (YES motion)

atlas bone

Dens (odontoid process); serves as a pivot point for the atlas, allows rotation of the atlas on the pivot (NO motion)

axis bone

Articular facets on the centrum and transverse processes of the vertebra is the identifying characteristic of the ___. These serve to articulate with the ribs

thoracic vertebra

What is the name of the cartilage that connects the rib to the sternum?

costal cartilages

Breastbone composed of three bones fused together

• manubrium

• gladiolus (body)

• xiphoid

All make up what bone?

sternum

Flattened end, articulates with the sternum

sternal extremity

End that articulates with the thoracic vertebrae

vertebral extremity

Enlarged terminal portion of the vertebral extremity that articulates with the centrum of the vertebrae

head

Small process near the head that articulates with the costal facet on the Transverse Process of the thoracic vertebrae

tubercle

Groove on the inner inferior edge of each rib

costal groove

What articulates with the centrum of the thoracic vertebrae?

head

What articulates with the costal facet on the Transverse Process of the thoracic vertebrae?

tubercle

Composed of pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, arms, and legs

appendicular skeleton

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

scapula & clavicle

• scapular spine

• acromion

• glenoid cavity

• coracoid process

Are all located on what bone?

scapula

• sternal extremity

• acromial extremity

Are all located on what bone?

clavicle